Despite this, eSWIR can be very useful for inspecting hot glass objects due to their thermal response and transparency; this combination can be used to examine stresses inside the object.

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An objective lens determines the basic performance of an optical microscope or imaging systems and is designed for various performance needs and applications.

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Anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) have evolved into highly effective reflectance and glare reducing components for various optical and opto-electrical equipments. Extensive research in optical and biological reflectance minimization as well as the emergence of nanotechnology over the years has contributed to the enhancement of ARCs in a major way. In this study the prime objective is to give a comprehensive idea of the ARCs right from their inception, as they were originally conceptualized by the pioneers and lay down the basic concepts and strategies adopted to minimize reflectance. The different types of ARCs are also described in greater detail and the state-of-the-art fabrication techniques have been fully illustrated. The inspiration that ARCs derive from nature (‘biomimetics’) has been an area of major research and is discussed at length. The various materials that have been reportedly used in fabricating the ARCs have also been brought into sharp focus. An account of application of ARCs on solar cells and modules, contemporary research and associated challenges are presented in the end to facilitate a universal understanding of the ARCs and encourage future research.

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b Healthcare and Energy Materials Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore Tel: +6516 8596

a Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore E-mail: hemantraut@nus.edu.sg, seeram@nus.edu.sg

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H. K. Raut, V. A. Ganesh, A. S. Nair and S. Ramakrishna, Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 3779 DOI: 10.1039/C1EE01297E

Other use cases for eSWIR take advantage of is the strong water absorption peak around 1950 nm, which allows medical laser applications to improve laser ablation efficiency.[4]

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Formerly also called Next Generation Form Factor (NGFF), supports M.2 PCIe (NVMe™), SATA and USB interfaces. They are available in widths of 12, 16, 22 or 30 mm ...

Current technologies capable of detecting eSWIR photons are extended (lattice-mismatched) InGaAs and Type-II Superlattice (T2SL) materials, HgCdTe, and Colloidal Quantum Dot photodiodes (CQD). All technologies except CQDs must operate with integrated coolers to reduce their dark noise at temperatures that can be down to 77 K.

Aspheric lens surfaces are used to correct spherical aberration (where the converging light from a lens does not have a common focal point ...

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The luminous-field diaphragm determines which portion and size of the specimen is illuminated. The aperture diaphragm of the condenser is imaged on the pupil of ...

A primary consideration for detector technologies is cost. An eSWIR CQD sensor, such as the Acuros -002 and -004 products, enables the lowest-cost solution at the highest resolution due to the simple manufacturing process and room temperature operation. CQD sensor technology also has the ability to scale up sensor resolutions. For example, the industry-leading Acuros 2.1MP format camera was first offered by SWIR Vision in 2018. Another consideration is the size, weight, and power of the solution; extended InGaAs and HgCdTe cameras come with large dimensions and high power consumption, but T2SL and eSWIR CQD cameras can come in low size, weight, and power (SWaP) packages.

Glass lenses aren't used much anymore because of how heavy they are and also aren't impact resistant. While they do resist scratches better I ...

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Sometimes Extended SWIR (eSWIR) can be mistaken for a thermal imager, but the blackbody radiation of objects is not significant in the eSWIR band at room temperatures.[5] Objects need to be hot, typically 200 °C or greater, to emit enough Extended SWIR (eSWIR) photons for eSWIR sensors.

Reduced atmospheric scattering in the Extended SWIR (eSWIR) band enables excellent imaging through smoke, haze, and other atmospheric particles, and enables high resolution long range imaging.[2][3]

Despite the lower optical power incident on the Earth’s surface, eSWIR imaging finds utility in outdoor applications like wildfire detection, piercing through degraded visual environments (DVEs), and long-range detection and surveillance. It is also used in active illumination systems employing optical sources such as lasers or halogen for applications in security, waste sorting, art analysis, and gas detection. As the laser community finds more applications for longer wavelength emitters, Extended SWIR (eSWIR) detectors are becoming increasingly useful as beam profilers for characterizing emitter performance for sensitive applications such as medical devices.

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by PJ Winzer · 1998 · Cited by 182 — The upper axis (α) is valid for high truncation ratios (dT/2WT→0), whereas the lower axis (β) holds for a typical truncation of dT/2WT=1.45, equivalent to that ...

Reflection vs Transmission Diffraction Gratings. Reflection or transmission is one of the most fundamental distinctions in diffraction grating terminology.

From budget-constrained to mobile and large scale use-cases, Acuros eSWIR CQD sensors offer the most competitive solution. However, it may be beneficial to observe competing technologies for extreme sensitivity applications like methane detection.

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The extended SWIR – Short-wave Infrared (eSWIR) – generally refers to wavelengths of light that start where traditional lattice-matched InGaAs stop absorbing, around 1700 nm, up to 2500 nm. Only a handful of detector technologies are capable of detecting photons in this spectral range, and solar illumination in that band is lower than at shorter wavelengths.