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Pasi Vahimaa, Ville Kettunen, Markku Kuittinen, Jari Turunen, and Ari T. Friberg J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14(8) 1817-1824 (1997)

Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification. The shorter the focal length, the wider the angle of view and the lower the magnification.

Axicon lensThorlabs

Paula Ortega-Vidals, Omar de Jesús Cabrera-Rosas, Ernesto Espíndola Ramos, Salvador Alejandro Juárez Reyes, Israel Julían Macías, Gilberto Silva-Ortigoza, Ramón Silva-Ortigoza, and Citlalli Teresa Sosa-Sánchez J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 34(9) 1670-1678 (2017)

Standard lenses are popular as they are closest to the angle of view we humans see. These lenses have minimal distortion, which can be flattering to the subject. They tend to use large apertures and allow a lot of light to enter the lens which makes them fast in low light conditions. Large apertures (f/1.8 – f/1.4) also produce a pleasing out-of-focus effect to the background which concentrates the attention of the viewer on the subject. Standard lenses are the popular choice for a wide range of photography including portraiture, nature and low light situations where the photographer can not use a flash or is looking to capture the scene with available light.

Prime lenses also tend to have a larger maximum aperture (f/1.4 to f/2.8). This is an advantage when shooting in low light conditions as it will increase the possibility of hand holding the camera and freezing the subject without shake or blur caused by the longer exposures. Photographing using prime lenses with large apertures also means you can get a shallow depth of field which is useful for portraiture where you might want a softer or blurred background (also known as bokeh).

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Mainly used for line scan cameras. Most line scan cameras require a light-receiving dimension of about 35 to 80 mm, and recent high-pixel compatible models ...

There are two types of lenses-prime and zoom. Prime lenses have a fixed focal length and zoom lenses have variable focal lengths.

Gaussian beam

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We study the field that is produced by a paraxial refractive axicon lens. The results from geometrical optics, scalar wave optics, and electromagnetic diffraction theory are compared. In particular, the axial intensity, the on-axis effective wavelength, the transverse intensity, and the far-zone field are examined. A rigorous electromagnetic diffraction analysis shows that the state of polarization of the incident beam strongly affects the transverse intensity distribution, but not the intensity distribution in the far zone.

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The main advantages of prime lenses or fixed focal length lenses are their size and weight as well as their maximum aperture or f/stop. Prime lenses tend to be more compact and lightweight than zoom lenses.

Zoom Optics Deluxe Binoculars offer hands-free exploration with professional-level clarity. Whether you're bird watching, catching a game, ...

Axicon

Adjustable SM/MM/PM fiber collimator, 6.0 mm focal length, FC/APC connector. FC-VIS-FCAU-60F, 400-700 nm, Universal MM, SM, PM, FC/APC. in stock. $298.00 ...

Lens Element, Beam Diameter At Optic (mm), Beam Divergence (mRad), Rayleigh Range (mm), Beam Waist Diameter (mm), Beam Waist Location (mm) ...

These lenses provide a good range for wildlife and sports photography where the photographer is limited as to how close they can get to the subject.

Wide angle lenses are popular lenses for landscape photography, interiors, large group photos and when working in confined situations.

Fashion photography with Dixie Dixon, Visual Storytelling with Joe McNally, Wedding photography with Jerry Ghionis and Sports photography with Rod Mar

Sep 3, 2021 — Focal length is the distance (measured in millimeters) between the point of convergence of your lens and the sensor or film recording the image.

Available with or without anti-reflective coating, centred at your required wavelength or with multilayer broadband coatings, these lenses are designed for ...

Bessel beam

Jun 15, 2023 — Gummy Bears and lasers come together in this fascinating question, What happens when you shine green light on a red gummy bear, or red light on ...

We study the field that is produced by a paraxial refractive axicon lens. The results from geometrical optics, scalar wave optics, and electromagnetic diffraction theory are compared. In particular, the axial intensity, the on-axis effective wavelength, the transverse intensity, and the far-zone field are examined. A rigorous electromagnetic diffraction analysis shows that the state of polarization of the incident beam strongly affects the transverse intensity distribution, but not the intensity distribution in the far zone.

1School of Marine Science and Technology/School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi’an, China

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Focal length, usually represented in millimeters (mm), is the basic description of a photographic lens. It is not a measurement of the actual length of a lens, but a calculation of an optical distance from the point where light rays converge to form a sharp image of an object to the digital sensor or 35mm film at the focal plane in the camera. The focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at infinity.

A magnifying glass produces an upright, magnified virtual image. The virtual image produced is on the same side of the lens as the object. For a ...

▸ noun: (physics) A unit of frequency equal to 10¹² hertz, or one terahertz. ▸ noun: A Fresnel lens or a light feature using such a lens. Similar: zettahertz, ...

Microscopes are designated as either light microscopes or electron microscopes. The former use visible light or ultraviolet rays to illuminate specimens. They ...

Fashion photography with Dixie Dixon, Visual Storytelling with Joe McNally, Wedding photography with Jerry Ghionis and Sports photography with Rod Mar

Axicontablets

Close-up photography uses a specific range of lenses that allow up to 1:1 reproduction. These lenses allow the photographer to focus very close to the subject and reproduce them at a 1:1 life-size ratio on film or an imaging sensor. These lenses are popular for subjects such as flowers, insects and small products.

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Telephoto lenses between 70 – 200mm are very popular lenses for portraiture and product photography as well as nature and wildlife imagery. They allow the photographer to produce close crops on the subject. In the case of portraiture a telephoto allows the photographer to take the photo at a distance that does not intrude upon the subject.