Another focus of the Australian Critical Minerals Research and Development Hub is research that will extend Australian value chains for REE. In particular, the project aims to produce rare earth material for magnet making industries. This is an exciting opportunity to leverage Australia’s resource potential to support onshore processing and create opportunities in downstream high value industries.

Allen L keys are the most common option since, thanks to their shape, it is very easy to find complete sets of this type of tool. We will distinguish it from the rest because it is an L-shaped metal tool.

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“We’ve got a lot of what are often considered “primary” sources in Australia – that is, well-recognised rare earth minerals, at relatively high grade,” Chris says.

“Traditionally, Australia has been an exporter of raw materials rather than a processor. With rare earths, it can be challenging to make a high-grade oxide material because there’s no domestic market for that. There’s no one who can use it," Chris says.

"If we can then also develop the technology to move further along the value chain, that will bring some certainty and diversity to international supply chains. I think de-risking REE supply chains is going to be a key role for Australia.”

Samples from these case studies are being analysed. Researchers are using cutting edge characterisation facilities to understand variability in mineralogy which ultimately controls mineral processing. Results will be incorporated into mineral system models for clay-hosted REE. These models are being developed by hub partner Geoscience Australia as part of their review of Australia’s priority REE mineral deposit styles.

If you are one of the professional or demanding people and you are looking for a plus of quality in the hexagonal keys, in the market we can find a great variety of this type of professional screwdrivers. The ideal is to know what we are going to use the key for and then see the different options. As a recommendation, look for a tool with a quality steel to have a greater hardness.

While several major companies in Australia are well established in conventional REE extraction and mineral concentrate production, the emerging industry around clay-hosted deposits presents opportunities for more companies. This could lead to an increased number of businesses mining and extracting REE in Australia.

“Mount Weld is one of the richest sources of rare earths in the world with grades of several percent rare earths. But the distribution of the rare earths is skewed towards the lighter end, which is quite common. There’s another emerging style of deposit though, which is clay hosted.”

"The mineralogy of some of these non-traditional ores makes them easier to process than the traditional ores, so there’s a trade-off between grade, and ease of processing," Chris says.

In addition to developing a pilot plant that will allow Australian developers to test their ores at a relatively large scale, ANSTO is also developing processing flowsheets specifically for Australian clay-hosted deposits and the intermediate REE-containing concentrates they are likely to produce. That will ensure they perform well economically and environmentally and are tailored to Australian regulations, which are usually stricter than you would see elsewhere.

“It doesn’t have to be about making magnets or electric vehicles domestically. It’s just about getting to the point where we can separate them, then turn them into metals, and then suddenly you have a product that is immediately marketable to Europe or the US. That helps the international supply chain look a little less bottlenecked and a little more certain.”

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FoldingAllen KeySet

They are an interesting option to have a complete portable allen wrench kit for day-to-day use. It is a very common tool for bicycle lovers due to its portability and small size.

"These dataset layers are combined to produce a national mineral potential map that indicates the regions of Australia that are most prospective for clay-hosted REE deposits, and these maps can be used by industry to identify priority areas for exploration.” “The project will expand our geological understanding of Australia’s potential to host deposits of this style,” says Geoscience Australia’s project lead Dr Jessica Walsh. “This will support new exploration and discovery in Australia for clay-hosted REE deposits and should ultimately lead to increasing Australia’s inventory of REE, heavy-REE in particular. Collaborating on understanding how these deposits are formed also highlights where there are gaps in knowledge and data, which can then lead to further research.”

Using the knowledge gained from developing the mineral system model, researchers can identify relevant national datasets. These datasets can then be used as proxies to map the controls on deposit formation.

Mario Iglesias-Martinez is an early career researcher working with CSIRO, here in the field at Splinter Rock, near Esperance, WA, taking samples and measurements of regolith materials to produce a landscape evolution model of the region. This work is helping to provide the best view of these potentially valuable deposits. (Credit: Heta Lampinen)

The collaborative research with Geoscience Australia that will lead to a better understanding of deposit characterisation. We are also partnering with ANSTO on research that will accelerate the discovery and recovery from such deposits. That work will include the development of a pilot plant at ANSTO. Dr James Quinn, Senior Hydrometallurgist, ANSTO Minerals, points out that traditional ‘ionic clay’ deposits have been previously exploited overseas.

Despite their name, REE are relatively plentiful in the earth’s crust. However, they are typically quite dispersed and not found in high enough concentrations that make them viable to mine. As a group, REE are considered a specific subcategory of critical mineral. “When we talk about critical minerals, that usually means a mineral that is difficult to get, either because of the economics or because of problems with supply chains,” Chris says.

With at least four per cent of the world’s rare earth element reserves concentrated in Australia, we are well positioned to capitalise on this growing market. But key to that will be unlocking the potential of lower grade deposits and extending Australian value chains.

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As we have mentioned, the this keys are one of the best known in many sectors, but we can especially highlight their use in sectors such as carpentry, maintenance of industrial equipment, bicycles or even for the adjustment of the parts of our guitar.

If you are thinking of buying a professional set keys, do not hesitate to stop by your nearest hardware store and ask for Bianditz brand tools.

Normally the larger allen keys are used in industrial or automotive sectors for tightening parts that need a large torque. Most sets of allen keys usually go up to 10mm but it is true that in the market we can find sizes of up to 22mm head. If you are looking for a larger size hex key, you can contact the experts at Bianditz for a custom hex bit quote.

As we have mentioned, the allen keys are a tool that gives many options of different sizes, being able to find very small tips for sectors such as electronics or large sizes for the automotive or aeronautical sector.

Demand for rare earth elements (REE) is soaring. According to the International Energy Agency’s Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2024, global demand for magnet REE nearly doubled between 2015 and 2023. It has the potential to double again by 2050, in large part driven by the growth of clean energy technologies.

But the next step is to deepen our understanding of the formation, mineralogy and processing routes for lower grade deposits – particularly clay-hosted REE.

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Most general purpose allen keys come in sets with sizes starting at 1.5mm up to 10mm. However we can find larger size wrenches with sizes 19-22mm which are also used frequently.

Being a key that is inserted into the screw slot, the contact surface between the screw and the key is important and that is why it can exert a greater tightening torque than other bits or screwdrivers. On the other hand, and thanks to the fact that the key enters completely into the screw, we manage to reduce the deformation that frequently occurs in other types of screws.

Discover how the Australian Critical Minerals Research and Development Hub hosted by CSIRO is helping diversify global supply chains.

Bianditz allen keys are a professional tool that, thanks to their combination of molybdenum vanadium materials, have a hardness of 58-60 HRC. Thanks to this combination, torques up to 20% higher than other similar wrenches can be obtained.

CSIRO acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the land, sea and waters, of the area that we live and work on across Australia. We acknowledge their continuing connection to their culture and pay our respects to their Elders past and present. View our vision towards reconciliation.

“We have such an abundance of resources here; it makes sense to try and bring as much of the processing back onshore as we can – adding value to what we have and diversifying global supply chains. That’s what the Hub is trying to facilitate.”

In the same way as with the millimeter allen keys, we can find this keys in inches. For this case, the most frequent sets usually have key sizes ranging from 1/16” to 3/8”.

Allen keys with a handle or also known as T-wrenches stand out, as their name indicates, for having a handle, in this way the grip is firmer and the tightening torque that can be exerted with it is greater.

It is very easy to distinguish a hexagonal tip from other types of tips and it is that at a quick glance we can see that the head of the screw has a hexagon shape, this will be the case in which we can use an allen-type screwdriver.

Security allen keys or also known as inviolable allen keys, stand out for having a small hole in the tip. This type of bit is generally used in environments where extra security is required to prevent the screws from being tampered with.

The short sets of offset hexagonal keys are an interesting option to always have on hand due to their reduced size of keys.

Dr Rachael Morgan is Geoscience Australia’s Critical Mineral Research and Development Hub Lead. She explains that a mineral system is defined as all geological factors that control the generation and preservation of mineral deposits.

Mario Iglesias-Martinez is an early career researcher working with CSIRO, here in the field at Splinter Rock, near Esperance, WA, taking samples and measurements of regolith materials to produce a landscape evolution model of the region. This work is helping to provide the best view of these potentially valuable deposits. (Credit: Heta Lampinen) Mario Iglesias-Martinez is an early career researcher working with CSIRO, here in the field at Splinter Rock, near Esperance, WA, taking samples and measurements of regolith materials to produce a landscape evolution model of the region. This work is helping to provide the best view of these potentially valuable deposits. (Credit: Heta Lampinen) Show image description

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One of the key aims of the project is to create the processes and the intellectual property around turning those materials into metals here in Australia.

To gain insights into the geological processes and conditions that form clay-hosted REE deposits, we are applying expertise in regolith geoscience, geophysics, and remote sensing. This will enable us to produce deposit-scale case studies across various landscape environments where clay-hosted REE prospects occur.

According to Dr Chris Griffith, Principal Consultant at ANSTO Minerals, supporting these companies to meet the growing demand for REE and other critical minerals demonstrates the value of critical minerals processing expertise already present within Australia’s government science agencies.

Allen keys or also known as hexagonal keys, are a tool used to screw, which we will find very frequently in most tool boxes. These types of wrenches are famous for resisting a greater torque than other types of screws and for this reason we can find them in a wide variety of applications.

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The Australian Critical Minerals Research and Development Hub brings together expertise from Australia’s leading science agencies: CSIRO, the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) and Geoscience Australia, to scale up and commercialise Australia’s critical minerals potential. The three agencies are working together to accelerate the discovery, extraction and processing of REE from lower grade deposits. We are also exploring how to support industry stakeholders who are working downstream in the value chain.

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Allen keys are simple in design with a hexagonal shaped shaft and are small in size and light in weight compared to other types of tools. Obviously there are different sizes of allen keys and those of large sizes, we can say that they are not light at all.

“There are 31 critical minerals, and rare earths are included in there, but they also have distinct definitions within that group.” Rare earths are often described as being light or heavy. Light REE include lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium. They appear towards the left of the periodic table and they are far more common. In contrast, heavy REE are less common. They have higher atomic numbers and appear towards the right-hand side of the table and include elements like thulium, ytterbium and lutetium. What all REE have in common – and what makes them so important as the world undergoes a rapid energy transition – is their strong optical or magnetic properties. Some of the rare earths, including samarium, praseodymium, neodymium, dysprosium and terbium make very strong magnets. They are a key component in the motors that drive wind turbines and electric vehicles.

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According to Chris, when you analyse a clay earth deposit, the total rare earths is often much lower than you’d find somewhere like Mount Weld. However, the amount of heavy – the less abundant and more valuable – REE can be comparable to a traditional deposit. That means they could have an important role to play in providing a resilient and sustainable supply chain of heavy REE, despite the low total rare earth grade.

As we have mentioned, allen keys are a tool that is used very frequently and this type of tool has certain advantages over other types of tools that make them stand out.

In most professional sets of allen keys we can find tips that go from 1.5mm but it is true that if we are looking for smaller keys, in the market we can find some reference that goes from 0.7mm, this being an unusual tool.

Dr Chris Vernon is our Critical Minerals Lead. He believes Australia has untapped potential with relatively substantial ore deposits, some of which are rich in high-grade ore. There are also several, previously overlooked resources that appear very promising. These include some very large but lower quality ores, by Australian standards.

It may be the case that you are a person or company that has a very specific need for a tool due to the nature of your company. If this is your case, Bianditz, as a manufacturer of hand tools, offers specific tightening solutions tailored to its customers. That is why if this is your case, it is best that you contact us so that we can assess your need and make a tailored budget.

The use of allen keys is very simple, we simply have to insert the hexagonal end of the key into the head of the screw and turn our wrist to exert the necessary tightening torque. Thanks to its shape, we can use the Allen key from either side and exert a tightening torque in each case.

The allen ball keys stand out for having a ball at one end, in this way we can work in spaces with angles of up to 25º with maximum comfort and total efficiency.

“The Australian Critical Minerals Research and Development Hub is about getting the most out of the expertise that exists across our science agencies and bringing that together for the benefit of Australian industry,” he says.

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“A mineral system model quantifies the controls on deposit formation by identifying factors such as fluid, structures, and changes in source and host rock chemistry, in order to develop an understanding of how a particular deposit may have formed,” she says.

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Researchers and industry already have a good understanding of the techniques for extracting and processing REE. This includes from high grade deposits that contain REE-bearing minerals such as monazite, xenotime and bastnäsite.

“The REE contained within such deposits are relatively easy to extract as opposed to ‘clay-hosted’ deposits where REE require harsher processing conditions to extract them and realise the value within. “We have a lot of this style of ‘clay-hosted’ deposit within Australia, but there is a bit of uncertainty around how to process them efficiently, economically and in the most environmentally sustainable way. Also, ensuring that the intermediate REE-containing concentrates produced from them are compatible with existing downstream processing facilities is a key point.”

Rare earths are a group of 16 metallic elements that occur together in the periodic table. They include the 15 lanthanides plus yttrium.