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Lenses with shorter focal lengths provide a much wider angle of view and less magnification. This makes them better suited to landscapes than to product photography.

Focal lensfor photography

A telephoto lens is basically a camera lens that magnifies distant objects. In that sense it’s a little bit like a telescope—just not quite as powerful! In terms of focal length, it is generally considered that a 50mm lens provides a field of view that is roughly equivalent to the human eye, so a telephoto lens can be classified as anything above a 50mm. In reality, most photographers will look for a focal length range roughly equivalent to 70-200mm, although sports and wildlife photographers might want a much higher maximum focal length like 600mm.

The lens of choice for many portrait photographers is an 85mm lens, but many will use a 70-20mm lens. There are a couple of reasons why portrait photographers love telephoto lenses. First of all, they are the most flattering to human subjects. Wide angle lenses suffer from a sort of bloating effect (known as barrel distortion), which at its most extreme is referred to as the ‘fish-eye’ effect. Telephoto lenses don’t suffer from barrel distortion and so they are great for photographing people. The second reason portrait photographers love telephoto lenses is because they are capable of creating beautifully blurred backgrounds which makes portrait subjects really pop. With shorter focal length lenses you need a wide maximum aperture to create this effect (often referred to as the Bokeh effect), but with telephoto lenses its just a matter of increasing the focal length and the distance to your subject.

Focallength examples

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Throughout this course, we’re referring to six essentials of photography. However, it is important to mention that this could in fact be five! Why? Because images can be recorded without a lens on so-called pinhole cameras (or camera obscuras).

Longer focal lengths offer a narrower angle of view and more magnification, which means they are better suited to sport or wildlife photography than architectural photography.

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Focallength camera

The number one advantage of a telephoto lens is that it allows you to get close-up photos of subjects that you cannot get physically closer to. This is why they are go-to lenses for wildlife photographers and sports photographers. When you are photographing wildlife, it’s generally better to be inconspicuous and move as little as possible because wild animals have learned to be shy and elusive around humans. A long telephoto lens will allow you to overcome the barrier of distance and photograph, for example, rare birds. Sports photographers are similarly constrained as they often have to pick a single vantage point from which to cover an event and a telephoto lens allows them to get close ups of the action that would otherwise be impossible to get.

These elements serve to direct the light to a single focal point so that it can accurately be recorded by the sensor (9) once the mirror (7) flips up (triggered when you press the shutter button). Mirrorless cameras work the same way, but do not have the mirror or prism.

What isfocallength oflensClass 10

Another key difference with telephoto lenses is that they require faster shutter speeds in order to mitigate the effect of camera shake which is exacerbated by the length of the lens. The rule of thumb is that the shutter speed should be at least twice the focal length, so for example at 200mm the shutter speed should be at least 1/400s. Many of the more expensive telephoto lenses will incorporate stabilization to combat this problem, and nowadays we’re seeing more and more cameras with in-body stabilization.

Telephotolens focallength

Some lenses will feature two maximum apertures (shown as 1:4-5.6). This means that, as you zoom, the aperture capability changes. So at the shortest focal length, you may be able to shoot at f4, but once you zoom to the longest focal length, the widest aperture you’ll be able to shoot at will be f5.6. Generally lenses with wider apertures are favourable due to their increased light-capturing capabilities.

Aperture refers to the opening in the lens that controls how much light reaches the sensor. This is indicated in the format 1:2.8, for example, with the second set of numbers indicating the maximum aperture.

What is thefocallength of alensPhysics

Typically, lens names are formatted like this: Canon EF 24-70mm f/2.8L II USM Lens or Nikon AF-S 50mm f/1.8G. Each of these numbers and letters relays essential information, such as focal length, maximum aperture, lens version and focusing motor. Other features specified can include stabilisation, filter diameter and focusing distances.

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Prime (or fixed) lenses feature a fixed focal length. Available in a range of focal lengths, these lenses are known for delivering high-quality images. They also generally offer much wider apertures than zoom lenses do.

Telephoto lenses are often much larger and heavier than wider angle lenses. If you take a look at some of the larger telephoto lenses from Canon, Nikon or Sony, you’ll notice that they have a mount that allows you to attach them directly to your tripod. This is helpful because it takes account of the fact that the center of gravity of your set up is now much further forward, which could potentially leave your system poorly balanced.

Focal length is usually indicated both on the side of the lens barrel and sometimes on the front of the lens, along with the lens diameter.

Some lenses feature a fixed aperture. Catadioptric, or mirror lenses, which used to be fairly common, usually feature a longer focal length, such as 500mm at a fixed aperture of f6.3. Most telescopes are catadioptric.

Focallength oflensformula

We will look at two different plastics, acrylic/plexiglass and polycarbonate, to see how they stack up against traditional window glass.

Lenses focus the light onto the recording medium, which allows an image to be recorded. As you’ll see from the illustration of a DSLR camera below, light enters the lens and passes through the front element (2) before reaching several lens elements (3, 5 & 6).

Zoom lenses provide a variety of focal lengths. This makes them very versatile and reduces the need for multiple lenses.

Focal lenscanon

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However, recording an image without a lens is far more complex, and doesn’t afford the photographer the same creative freedom. Essentially, without a lens, you're shooting at a very small fixed aperture. Thanks to the variations in magnification they offer, lenses allow us to shoot many different objects, which simply wouldn’t be possible with a camera obscura.