Cylindrical lens : a complete guide - cylindrical lens

 2024-08-17 04:38:15

Beam SplitterTeleprompter

I have been trying to understand this heralded CNOT gate on photons but I have some questions regarding polarizing beam splitters:

PolarizationBeam Splitterthorlabs

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Laserbeam splitter

The way I understand it, a PBS lets the photon through if the photon is polarized a certain direction, but as I understand it this would squeeze the photon back into a distinct polarization (H/V in the case of the top PBS and D/A in the case of the bottom PBS). This of course is wrong, but I don't understand how the photon passes through without destroying the superposition. This part is the most confusing part of the circuit but even if the PBS doesn't destroy the superposition how does the PBS2 create the superposition from the target. What does the operation matrix for a PBS filter look like? What is a good way to understand them?

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Polarizingbeam splitterCube thorlabs

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Beam splitterworking principle

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However, this does not destroy any superposition. Let's say you had an incoming photon in the state $$ \alpha|H\rangle+\beta|V\rangle. $$ The PBS changes this state into $$ \alpha|H\rangle|u\rangle+\beta|V\rangle|l\rangle, $$ where $u$ and $l$ denote two different paths that the photon is on ("upper" and "lower" being the origin of the letters). It is still very much in superposition, but it means that you can measure the path information (i.e. put detectors on the two paths) to find out the information about the state of the photon.

Your understanding is basically right. A polarising beam splitter sends the photon in one of two different directions based on what polarisation it has. And, yes, once it is travelling along a specific direction, it has that specific polarisation.

Non polarizingbeam splitter

Polarizingbeam splitterCube

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A biconcave lens or double concave lens is an optical lens with two identical inward-bent spherical surfaces with equal radii of curvature. A double concave lens has a negative focal length and diverges a collimated light beam to the virtual focal point (that is the point at which the extension lines of the diverging light path intersect at the object side of the concave lens). The usages of Biconcave lenses are diverse, encompassing divergence of collimated or focused light beams, beam diameter modulation (e.g., Galilean beam expanders), the correction of spherical aberration of optical assemblies, and increasing the focal lengths of a lens group, etc. Due to its symmetric structure, a double concave lens works best when the conjugate ratio (object distance: image distance) is close or equal to 1:1. In such situations, the distortion, spherical/chromatic aberration, and coma could be offset as a result of the equilibrium of the lenses. Whilst, when the intended magnification ratio is <1/5 or >5, a plano concave lens will be a better alternative.Hangzhou Shalom EO offers Off-the-shelf N-BK7 Biconcave Lenses, Off-the-shelf UV Fused Silica Biconcave Lenses, and Custom Biconcave Lenses made of BaF2, CaF2, MgF2, Ge, ZnSe, Sapphire, and other optical materials. The stock N-BK7 Bi-concave Lenses have four standard coating options: uncoated, 350-650nm, 650-1100 nm, and 1050-1580nm broadband anti-reflection (BBAR) coatings. Shalom EO’s stock UV Fused Silica Bi-concave Lenses only have uncoated versions so far. Custom V-coatings that exhibit optimized transmission and low-cost MgF2 AR coatings with various transmission wavelengths could be furnished onto UVFS biconcave lenses upon request.

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