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Our extensive optical experience and state of the art metrology equipment allows us to test every lens which we manufacture at Shanghai Optics, and we can provide distortion curves for specific lenses upon request. Although distortion is primarily cosmetic, it remains an important quality of every lens and the level of distortion can greatly change the ease in which information is gleaned from a system or the CPU load required for post processing.

Why are rain repellents worth considering? Given Britain’s famously moist weather, driving around in the wet is something we’re all used to. But driving in damp and rainy conditions with blurred, smeared, and dirty windscreens can be very dangerous. These conditions get especially bad during the months when you may be carrying a few winter driving products. So, being able to see out clearly is a top priority.

A curved mirror is a mirror with a curved reflecting surface. The surface may be either convex (bulging outward) or concave (recessed inward).

Obviously, some effective windscreen wipers go a long way toward avoiding this problem. But you should also consider an effective rain repellent for your car to keep its windows even clearer.

A rain repellent (or glass sealant) is a solution you apply to a car’s glass and/or bodywork. It creates a clear, non-stick and hydrophobic layer that makes it harder for substances to adhere to a vehicle’s exterior. This can make things easier when you have to go in on the attack with an ice scraper. They don’t last indefinitely, the longevity varies enormously depending on the product. Sometimes they last weeks, sometimes months, sometimes even years.

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Distortion in a simple lens is a third-order aberration which increases with the cube of the field height. Since distortion affects the image shape, its appearance is very important especially in visual systems. Generally distortion in the order of 2 to 3% is acceptable visually. Figure 2 shows images of a rectilinear object with zero distortion and -3% distortion.

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Application is also worth paying attention to. There are three options; spray-on, roll-on and applicator-applied examples. Each has its pros and cons, with spray-on options the easiest to apply but least durable and applicator examples vice versa.

Ryan Gilmore is the Deputy Autos and Tools Editor for Parkers, specialising in car cleaning and hand tools. A veteran car cleaner; if it details, waxes or washes he’ll be on hand to make sure it’s worth your money.

For a multi-element lens assembly distortion will usually be positive or negative, but it may not be linear across the image. One should also be aware that the level of distortion may change as working distance changes and is dependent on wavelength.

Lens distortion is a cosmetic-type optical aberration which does not decrease the amount of information in an image. It occurs when information is displaced geometrically, and while it changes the shape of an image will not result in image blur.

In some situations, distortion is engineered into a system. There are many reasons why a lens distortion effect may be desirable. In laser applications, f-theta lenses are chosen to introduce a certain amount of distortion into an optical system. In cameras, image creators use an effects library which includes radial distortion, barrel distortion, perspective distortion and pincushion distortion to introduce novelty effects into their images. Wide angle lenses and zoom lenses also create their own signature type of distortion.

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Some lenses that are engineered to exhibit very low levels of distortion may have both positive and negative distortion. This type of distortion is called moustache or wave distortion, and requires special attention to wavelength when calibrating software to remove distortion from the final image.

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As with other aberrations, F-theta distortion is determined by the optical design of the lens. Shanghai Optics Inc. has over 55 years of experience in design and manufacturing low distortion f-theta lenses. Fig.5 shows the F-Theta

Interestingly, rain repellents are often used in race cars during endurance events. You can imagine it’s not the easiest task seeing out with a helmet and visor in the way during heavy downpour, so rain repellent makes a case for itself there.

How we chooseAll of these rain repellants have been hand-selected by our team of experts who have spent hours investigating and researching rain repellants to make it easier for you to find the very best, and we’d never recommend a product we don’t believe in.Where possible, we also test and share the latest and best products you should know about.

F-theta lenses (used in laser scanning systems) are usually designed to produce a certain amount of distortion (barrel distortion) so that the image height is proportional to the field angle of θ. The ideal image height of an f-theta lens can be calculated using Equation 4

Durability varies massively between rain repellents, some last a couple of weeks, and others are designed to last for thousands of miles. Akin to a set of snow chains, durability often increases with price. With rain repellents it comes at the expense of a more laborious application process. One that doubles as a glass cleaner can be a bit of a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it’ll be a time saver, but these often don’t last as long as a dedicated glass cleaner.

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Imatest's software solutions and SFRplus test charts build upon the ISO standards so that our customers have the most capable image quality testing available.

Alpha Industrial Park, Tu Thon Village, Ly Thuong Kiet Commune, Yen My District, Hung Yen Province Vietnam 17721 +84 221-730-8668 rfqvn@shanghai-optics.com

There are some who claim that rain repellents can be hydrophobic but smear glass, somewhat obscuring visibility in dry, sunny or low-light conditions. Some products are guilty of this, but some avoid it, which is why choosing the correct product is essential. This is where your expert guides at Parkers step in. And for the task of wiping away morning dew on your windscreen, check out our guide on glass squeegees.

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Unlike other types of distortion which are part of the inherent properties of the lens, keystone distortion is caused by improper alignment in a lens array. As light hits each lens and is transmitted onward, rays cross, resulting in parallax and a trapezoidal image. Keystone distortion can often be avoided by careful attention to alignment when creating lens arrays, and may also be corrected in post-processing.

Malus' Law. Malus' Law quantitatively characterises this relationship between axis angle and light intensity transmitted or blocked. In the diagram below, the ...

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The best rain repellent: Soft99 Glaco Roll-On – Buy now from AmazonEditor’s pick: Gtechniq G1 Smart Glass – Buy now from Amazon Best rain repellent and cleaner: Autobrite Direct Vision + – Buy now from Amazon

Distortion correction can be done post production in a photo editor, since the amount of distortion a lens introduces can be mathematically quantified at any given point. Distortion varies with wavelength, and in situations where a narrow band of light is used it may be computed at the central wavelength.  Digital fine-tune programs are often used to provide lens correction and eliminate unwanted distortion from a final image.

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Rain repellents are similar to car waxes in many ways. Sometimes, they feature minimum temperatures and directions to apply them out of direct sunlight. Longer-lasting options may also have a curing time. Once you’ve finished, you can embrace a moist-free car interior if you opt for an in-car dehumidifier.

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As with other aberrations, a lens with a larger field of view will generally exhibit a larger amount of distortion. A fisheye lens or ultra wide-angle lens produces strong visual distortion. Figure 3 shows the distortion in a fisheye lens with effective focal length of 3.0mm. Figure 4 shows a simulated image of a wide angle lens with -50% distortion.

Rain repellent is pretty much what it says on the bottle. It’s a coating that stops falling rainwater from smearing on your windscreen and instead repels off. It helps you see a lot more clearly – especially at motorway cruising speed where clear vision is vital. It’s especially useful if your windscreen wipers stop working, although you should always prioritise getting them fixed first.

Visibility will be your number one priority if applying a rain repellent to a car. In the same way that visibility is no.1 when applying some de-icer. After all, the sole job of a rain repellent is road safety, keeping water from congregating on your windscreen. A good rain repellent will see rain beading straight off the windscreen, leaving the road ahead clear. A poor rain repellent may, however, leave a smear on the glass, particularly in sunny or low-light conditions. This hampers visibility when it’s not raining and is a fairly irritating thing to deal with.

In the F-Theta lens system, the actual image height is designed to satisfy the relation of ?∙?, which is smaller than the ideal image height ?∙???? in a conventional camera lens system. Because the optical system cannot completely correct all the aberrations, f-Theta lens cannot fully meet the linear relationship. F-theta distortion, which describes the relative deviation of the actual image height y from ?∙?, is defined as