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Once the method of drawing ray diagrams is practiced a couple of times, it becomes as natural as breathing. Each diagram yields specific information about the image. It is suggested that you take a few moments to practice a few ray diagrams on your own and to describe the characteristics of the resulting image. The diagrams below provide the setup; you must merely draw the rays and identify the image. If necessary, refer to the method described above.

The ray diagram above illustrates that the image of an object in front of a convex mirror will be located at a position behind the convex mirror. Furthermore, the image will be upright, reduced in size (smaller than the object), and virtual. This is the type of information that we wish to obtain from a ray diagram. The characteristics of this image will be discussed in more detail in the next section of Lesson 4.

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Some students have difficulty understanding how the entire image of an object can be deduced once a single point on the image has been determined. If the object is merely a vertical object (such as the arrow object used in the example below), then the process is easy. The image is merely a vertical line. This is illustrated in the diagram below. In theory, it would be necessary to pick each point on the object and draw a separate ray diagram to determine the location of the image of that point. That would require a lot of ray diagrams as illustrated in the diagram below.

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Fortunately, a shortcut exists. If the object is a vertical line, then the image is also a vertical line. For our purposes, we will only deal with the simpler situations in which the object is a vertical line that has its bottom located upon the principal axis. For such simplified situations, the image is a vertical line with the lower extremity located upon the principal axis.

2. Once these incident rays strike the mirror, reflect them according to the two rules of reflection for convex mirrors.

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In the first section of Lesson 4, we learned that light is reflected by convex mirrors in a manner that a virtual image is formed. We also learned that there are two simple rules of reflection for convex mirrors. These rules represent slight revisions of the two rules given for concave mirrors. The revised rules can be stated as follows:

These two rules will be used to construct ray diagrams. A ray diagram is a tool that is used to determine the location, size, orientation, and type of image formed by a mirror. Ray diagrams for concave mirrors were drawn in Lesson 3. In this lesson, we will see a similar method for constructing ray diagrams for convex mirrors.