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Just ask your optician. Choosing the right coating also matters if you’re buying children’s glasses or a second pair for yourself – so don’t leave this important decision to chance!

In many applications, the required distance from an object and the desired FOV (typically the size of the object with additional buffer space) are known quantities. This information can be used to directly determine the required AFOV via Equation 2. Equation 2 is the equivalent of finding the vertex angle of a triangle with its height equal to the WD and its base equal to the horizontal FOV, or HFOV, as shown in Figure 2. Note: In practice, the vertex of this triangle is rarely located at the mechanical front of the lens, from which WD is measured, and is only to be used as an approximation unless the entrance pupil location is known.

Lens manufacturers want to make it easy for their customers to select a coating, which is why they offer packages for different coatings. And ZEISS is no exception: with the  DuraVision®  Premium lens coatings, you receive a complete package comprising top anti-reflective, hard, antistatic and CleanCoat coatings.

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The residual reflection is usually green. The modern Duravion®  Premium lens Coating from ZEISS has an attractive, bluish residual reflection. The barely perceptible bluish residual reflection increases the amount of light the lens transmits to your eyes. And not only that – the blue is less visible to the eye. This means lenses with this residual reflection have the advantage of making your eyes look clearer to other people and have fewer reflections. Your eyes look more natural, almost as if you’re not wearing glasses at all.

Anti-reflective lenses can be recognized by the residual reflection. Regardless of the material used for the lenses, they have a characteristic colour when you hold the glasses at a slight angle against a white background. This is highly practical for the wearer: the optician can identify the anti-reflective coating and even offer the same high quality if a switch to another material is desired.

As previously stated, some amount of flexibility to the system’s WD should be factored in, as the above examples are only first-order approximations and they also do not take distortion into account.

In general, however, the focal length is measured from the rear principal plane, rarely located at the mechanical back of an imaging lens; this is one of the reasons why WDs calculated using paraxial equations are only approximations and the mechanical design of a system should only be laid out using data produced by computer simulation or data taken from lens specification tables. Paraxial calculations, as from lens calculators, are a good starting point to speed the lens selection process, but the numerical values produced should be used with caution.

Our vision has changed enormously now that we use digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, and modern illumination through LEDs and displays. We are subjected to more blue light than ever – all day long, in fact. High-energy blue light is also believed to have a negative impact on vision over the long term.

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While it may be convenient to have a very wide AFOV, there are some negatives to consider. First, the level of distortion that is associated with some short focal length lenses can greatly influence the actual AFOV and can cause variations in the angle with respect to WD due to distortion. Next, short focal length lenses generally struggle to obtain the highest level of performance when compared against longer focal length options (see Best Practice #3 in Best Practices for Better Imaging). Additionally, short focal length lenses can have difficulties covering medium to large sensor sizes, which can limit their usability, as discussed in Relative Illumination, Roll-Off, and Vignetting.

Another way to change the FOV of a system is to use either a varifocal lens or a zoom lens; these types of lenses allow for adjustment of their focal lengths and thus have variable AFOV. Varifocal and zoom lenses often have size and cost drawbacks compared to fixed focal length lenses, and often cannot offer the same level of performance as fixed focal length lenses.

Generally, lenses that have fixed magnifications have fixed or limited WD ranges. While using a telecentric or other fixed magnification lens can be more constraining, as they do not allow for different FOVs by varying the WD, the calculations for them are very direct, as shown in Equation 4.

Note: As the magnification increases, the size of the FOV will decrease; a magnification that is lower than what is calculated is usually desirable so that the full FOV can be visualized. In the case of Example 2, a 0.25X lens is the closest common option, which yields a 25.6mm FOV on the same sensor.

With DuraVision DriveSafe, 64% of wearers tested said they experienced fewer problems with glare thanks to the new coating compared to other premium anti-reflective coatings. Source: Internal wearer trial (CZV employees in Germany), external wearer trial (eye care professionals and consumers in Spain)

So why not talk to your optician about the anti-reflective coating services on offer and about the coatings’ durability today! Ask for their tips about what you need to look out for to ensure your coating lasts as long as it ought to.

How can you recognize the ZEISS DriveSafe coating? The ZEISS DriveSafe coating is evident from a slightly violet residual reflection on the lens, which is barely visible and therefore not distracting.

The 14.25° derived in Example 1 (see white box below) can be used to determine the lens that is needed, but the sensor size must also be chosen. As the sensor size is increased or decreased it will change how much of the lens’s image is utilized; this will alter the AFOV of the system and thus the overall FOV. The larger the sensor, the larger the obtainable AFOV for the same focal length. For example, a 25mm lens could be used with a ½” (6.4mm horizontal) sensor or a 35mm lens could be used with a 2/3” (8.8mm horizontal) sensor as they would both approximately produce a 14.5° AFOV on their respective sensors. Alternatively, if the sensor has already been chosen, the focal length can be determined directly from the FOV and WD by substituting Equation 1 in Equation 2, as shown in Equation 3.

Special coatings with a hard lacquer matched to the material not only enhance the scratch resistance of the lenses, they also ensure constant visual quality and extend durability. Thanks to the DuraVision®  Platinum coating, ZEISS offers a solution that is three times harder than the previous generation of hard (AR) coated plastic ZEISS lenses and 35% harder than AR coated mineral (glass) ZEISS lenses. This is made possible by the way ions seal the lens when the coating is applied.  Read on to find out more.

The ultimate angular resolution of any telescope is given by the diffraction limit, θ_d = λ/D, where λ is the wavelength and D is the telescope aperture.

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Note: Fixed focal length lenses should not be confused with fixed focus lenses. Fixed focal length lenses can be focused for different distances; fixed focus lenses are intended for use at a single, specific WD. Examples of fixed focus lenses are many telecentric lenses and microscope objectives.

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Lenses can help protect your eyes against blue light thanks to a special filter, making it easier to work at a computer or use digital devices. Thanks to DuraVision® BlueProtect from ZEISS, you receive a premium lens coating together with a blue light filter, which is great for all wearers who are often indoors and find that the light emitted by LED light bulbs, TVs or computer monitors makes them tired or uncomfortable. It is therefore advisable to opt for this lens coating, even for glasses you need for work or when watching TV.

Formerly only needed when the sun was shining brightly, sunglasses with a  mirror coating  are now very much in vogue – and they’re available in your prescription! Talk to your optician today to see the wide range of colours and functions available for sunglass coatings.

For plastic lenses (organic lenses) you definitely need a hard lacquer coating. While plastic lenses are easy to wear, the material used is softer and more prone to scratches than glass lenses (a.k.a. mineral lenses) – at least if untreated.

We’ve all been there: Unpleasant glare from oncoming traffic or street lights impairing our vision. This is tiring for drivers and can even become dangerous.

Knowledge Center/ Application Notes/ Imaging Application Notes/ Understanding Focal Length and Field of View

Just like a lotus leaf, water beads right off thanks to the wetting properties of the coating. A great bonus, particularly for anti-reflective lenses, because you’re more likely to notice dirt through improved reflection reduction than on lenses without such a coating.

\begin{align}\text{AFOV} & = 2 \times \tan^{-1} \left( {\frac{50 \text{mm}}{2 \times 200 \text{mm}}} \right)  \\ \text{AFOV} & = 14.25° \end{align}

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Please select your shipping country to view the most accurate inventory information, and to determine the correct Edmund Optics sales office for your order.

The focal length of a lens is a fundamental parameter that describes how strongly it focuses or diverges light. A large focal length indicates that light is bent gradually while a short focal length indicates that the light is bent at sharp angles. In general, lenses with positive focal lengths converge light while lenses with negative focal lengths cause light to diverge, although there are some exceptions based on the distance from the lens to the object being imaged.

It’s all about protecting your eyes from the sun and glare when you’re outdoors. You and your optician can create your ideal sunglasses in terms of both colour and style. Coloured coatings for sunglasses are available for plastic and mineral lenses. A  wide selection of lens tints  – from single colours and gradient tints to bi-colour or even special tints for medical purposes – feature in the range of sunglasses from ZEISS. So your glasses, whether single vision or progressive lenses, will become your favourite accessory that also delivers first-class protection against the sun.

Self-tinting lenses are a great idea for anyone who doesn’t want to change their glasses in the sun as these lenses incorporate a special technology which adapts to the sun – e.g.  PhotoFusion X by ZEISS

Lenses without an anti-reflective coating have a great disadvantage:  There is a lot of visible reflection for the wearer. These reflections are particularly distracting on wet roads or when driving at night, but also when talking to someone as that person will see themselves reflected in your glasses rather than look at you.

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Another coating level with antistatic function can also help keep your glasses cleaner: fluff – from clothes, for example – adheres to these lenses much less.

When using fixed focal length lenses, there are three ways to change the FOV of the system (camera and lens). The first and often easiest option is to change the WD from the lens to the object; moving the lens farther away from the object plane increases the FOV. The second option is to swap out the lens with one of a different focal length. The third option is to change the size of the sensor; a larger sensor will yield a larger FOV for the same WD, as defined in Equation 1.

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Be aware that Equation 6 is an approximation and will rapidly deteriorate for magnifications greater than 0.1 or for short WDs. For magnifications beyond 0.1, either a fixed magnification lens or computer simulations (e.g. Zemax) with the appropriate lens model should be used. For the same reasons, lens calculators commonly found on the internet should only be used for reference. When in doubt, consult a lens specification table.

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Field of view describes the viewable area that can be imaged by a lens system. This is the portion of the object that fills the camera’s sensor. This can be described by the physical area which can be imaged, such as a horizontal or vertical field of view in mm, or an angular field of view specified in degrees. The relationships between focal length and field of view are shown below.

Unfortunately, no coating will mean never having to clean lenses again. However, lenses can be coated in such a way that impurities are less likely to adhere to the lens. CleanCoat makes the lens surface smooth, making it more difficult for dirt and dust to adhere. This simplifies lens care tremendously. The smoother the lens surface, the better.

The focal length of a lens defines the AFOV. For a given sensor size, the shorter the focal length, the wider the AFOV. Additionally, the shorter the focal length of the lens, the shorter the distance needed to obtain the same FOV compared to a longer focal length lens. For a simple, thin convex lens, the focal length is the distance from the back surface of the lens to the plane of the image formed of an object placed infinitely far in front of the lens. From this definition, it can be shown that the AFOV of a lens is related to the focal length (Equation 1), where $ \small{f} $ is the focal length and $ \small{H} $ is the sensor size (Figure 1).

While most sensors are 4:3, 5:4 and 1:1 are also quite common. This distinction in aspect ratio also leads to varying dimensions of sensors of the same sensor format. All of the equations used in this section can also be used for vertical FOV as long as the sensor’s vertical dimension is substituted in for the horizontal dimension specified in the equations.

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Lens coatings act as a protective coating for your lenses, transforming modern plastic lenses into strong everyday objects. Unfortunately, lens coatings are often not given the importance they deserve when people purchase a pair of glasses, with wearers pretty much leaving this decision up to the optician. To make sure you’re well-prepared when it comes to anti-reflective, hard, CleanCoat and other coatings, we’ve put together a guide to help you find your way around the maze of coatings. After all, the choice is yours!

Example 2: For an application using a ½” sensor, which has a horizontal sensor size of 6.4mm, a horizontal FOV of 25mm is desired.

It enables transparent, clear and unimpaired vision, makes glasses more attractive and permits uninterrupted and reflection-free vision for the wearer.

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A fixed focal length lens, also known as a conventional or entocentric lens, is a lens with a fixed angular field of view (AFOV). By focusing the lens for different working distances (WDs), differently sized field of view (FOV) can be obtained, though the viewing angle is constant. AFOV is typically specified as the full angle (in degrees) associated with the horizontal dimension (width) of the sensor that the lens is to be used with.

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Once the required AFOV has been determined, the focal length can be approximated using Equation 1 and the proper lens can be chosen from a lens specification table or datasheet by finding the closest available focal length with the necessary AFOV for the sensor being used.

One thing’s for sure: Light has a considerable effect on managing our internal body clock, and thus our sleep patterns. Strong light in the early evening tells your body to stay awake for longer. When you look at the screen on your computer or another digital device, you subject your eyes to large quantities of blue light, causing such things as reduced contrast sensitivity. Focusing on a screen can also be strenuous for you and your eyes, and contribute to digital eye strain.

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If the required magnification is already known and the WD is constrained, Equation 3 can be rearranged (replacing $ \small{ \tfrac{H}{\text{FOV}}} $ with magnification) and used to determine an appropriate fixed focal length lens, as shown in Equation 6.

A premium lens coating can help, one that’s integrated into the  ZEISS DriveSafe lenses. This reduces the subjective sensation of glare1 – e.g. from oncoming vehicles with LED or Xenon headlights – and effectively protects your lenses from both scratches and the adhesion of dirt particles.

Note: Horizontal FOV is typically used in discussions of FOV as a matter of convenience, but the sensor aspect ratio (ratio of a sensor’s width to its height) must be taken into account to ensure that the entire object fits into the image where the aspect ratio is used as a fraction (e.g. 4:3 = 4/3), Equation 7.

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