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An optional specifier allows a custom format where the precision of the format is automatically set by the scale as appropriate for the tick interval. For example, to format percentage change, you might say:

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If clamping is disabled and the scale is passed a value outside the domain, the scale may return a value outside the range through extrapolation. If clamping is enabled, the return value of the scale is always within the scale’s range. Clamping similarly applies to linear.invert. For example:

The rounding interpolator is sometimes useful for avoiding antialiasing artifacts, though also consider the shape-rendering “crispEdges” styles. Note that this interpolator can only be used with numeric ranges.

Examples · Source · Returns a number format function suitable for displaying a tick value, automatically computing the appropriate precision based on the fixed interval between tick values, as determined by d3.tickStep.

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Examples · Source · Returns a number format function suitable for displaying a tick value, automatically computing the appropriate precision based on the fixed interval between tick values. The specified count should have the same value as the count that is used to generate the tick values.

Examples · Source · Sets the scale’s range to the specified array of values while also setting the scale’s interpolator to interpolateRound; returns this scale.

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If the given value is outside the domain, and clamping is not enabled, the mapping will be extrapolated such that the returned value is outside the range.

Examples · Source · Given a value from the domain, returns the corresponding value from the range. For example, to apply a position encoding:

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If a single argument is specified, it is interpreted as the range. If either domain or range are not specified, each defaults to [0, 1].

If the given value is outside the range, and clamping is not enabled, the mapping may be extrapolated such that the returned value is outside the domain. This method is only supported if the range is numeric. If the range is not numeric, returns NaN.

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A common reason to specify a custom interpolator is to change the color space of interpolation. For example, to use HCL:

Radial scales are a variant of linear scales where the range is internally squared so that an input value corresponds linearly to the squared output value. These scales are useful when you want the input value to correspond to the area of a graphical mark and the mark is specified by radius, as in a radial bar chart. Radial scales do not support interpolate.

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Examples · Source · If domain is specified, sets the scale’s domain to the specified array of numbers and returns this scale.

Identity scales are a special case of linear scales where the domain and range are identical; the scale and its invert method are thus the identity function. These scales are occasionally useful when working with pixel coordinates, say in conjunction with an axis. Identity scales do not support rangeRound, clamp or interpolate.

An optional tick count argument allows greater control over the step size used to extend the bounds, guaranteeing that the returned ticks will exactly cover the domain.

If count is not specified, it defaults to 10. The returned tick values are uniformly spaced, have human-readable values (such as multiples of powers of 10), and are guaranteed to be within the extent of the domain. Ticks are often used to display reference lines, or tick marks, in conjunction with the visualized data. The specified count is only a hint; the scale may return more or fewer values depending on the domain. See also d3-array’s ticks.

Nicing a scale only modifies the current domain; it does not automatically nice domains that are subsequently set using linear.domain. You must re-nice the scale after setting the new domain, if desired.

An optional specifier allows a custom format where the precision of the format is automatically set by the scale as appropriate for the tick interval. For example, to format percentage change, you might say:

Linear scales map a continuous, quantitative input domain to a continuous output range using a linear transformation (translate and scale). If the range is also numeric, the mapping may be inverted. Linear scales are a good default choice for continuous quantitative data because they preserve proportional differences. Each range value y can be expressed as a function of the domain value x: y = mx + b.

The array must contain two or more elements. Unlike the domain, elements in the given array need not be numbers; any value that is supported by the underlying interpolator will work, though note that numeric ranges are required for invert.

If specifier uses the format type s, the scale will return a SI-prefix format based on the largest value in the domain. If the specifier already specifies a precision, this method is equivalent to locale.format.

Examples · Source · If value is specified, sets the output value of the scale for undefined or NaN input values and returns this scale. This is useful for specifying how missing or invalid data is displayed.

If specifier uses the format type s, the scale will return a SI-prefix format based on the larger absolute value of start and stop. If the specifier already specifies a precision, this method is equivalent to locale.format.

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This method typically modifies the scale’s domain, and may only extend the bounds to the nearest round value. Nicing is useful if the domain is computed from data, say using extent, and may be irregular. If the domain has more than two values, nicing the domain only affects the first and last value.

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The array must contain two or more elements. If the elements in the given array are not numbers, they will be coerced to numbers.

The default interpolator may reuse return values. For example, if the range values are objects, then the value interpolator always returns the same object, modifying it in-place. If the scale is used to set an attribute or style, this is typically acceptable (and desirable for performance); however, if you need to store the scale’s return value, you must specify your own interpolator or make a copy as appropriate.

Internally, a piecewise scale performs a binary search for the range interpolator corresponding to the given domain value. Thus, the domain must be in ascending or descending order. If the domain and range have different lengths N and M, only the first min(N,M) elements in each are observed.

Examples · Source · Given a value from the range, returns the corresponding value from the domain. Inversion is useful for interaction, say to determine the data value corresponding to the position of the mouse. For example, to invert a position encoding:

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Examples · Source · Constructs a new linear scale with the specified domain and range, the default interpolator, and clamping disabled.

The scale’s interpolator factory is used to create interpolators for each adjacent pair of values from the range; these interpolators then map a normalized domain parameter t in [0, 1] to the corresponding value in the range. If factory is not specified, returns the scale’s current interpolator factory, which defaults to d3.interpolate. See d3-interpolate for more interpolators.

For a valid value y in the range, linear(linear.invert(y)) approximately equals y; similarly, for a valid value x in the domain, linear.invert(linear(x)) approximately equals x. The scale and its inverse may not be exact due to the limitations of floating point precision.

Although continuous scales typically have two values each in their domain and range, specifying more than two values produces a piecewise scale. For example, to create a diverging color scale that interpolates between white and red for negative values, and white and green for positive values, say: