Galilean beam expanderpdf

That's a GREAT question, Team Wilch 18! We would like to find that out, too! We guess we will BOTH have to do a bit more WONDERing about it! Thank you for sharing some of the cool facts you learned by checking out this Wonder of the Day®. We appreciate your comment! :-)

The Galilean expander features a convex lens and a concave lens as the eyepiece, with the distance between them being the sum of their focal lengths. Similarly, a Galilean beam expander consists of a negative focal length lens and a positive focal length lens. Magnification is the ratio of the focal lengths of the positive lens to the negative lens. Galilean designs are compact, making them conducive to system integration and suitable for high-power lasers due to the absence of internal laser convergence points that can cause heat buildup and aberration.

Hello, Team Wilch 11! Thanks for sharing that you liked this Wonder of the Day®! We're not sure if changing the angle of a lens changes the amount of magnification, but we're sure it affects the viewing of an object in some way. It's something we'll both have to WONDER about even more! We thought it was interesting to see the pictures of lice, too. It's cool to think that we can see individual lice with our naked eyes! :-)

It ROCKS that you learned a lot by visiting this Wonder of the Day® about microscopes, Team Clark 19, and we are SUPER excited that you can speak in Morse Code now, too! Way to go! :-) We really like all the WONDERing you did about the things you discovered in this Wonder! Here is a SUPER COOL activity that helps you see the scale and size of small and even microscopic items from a coffee bean all the way down to a carbon atom. It's really awesome to see how the different objects relate to each other in size (like which is bigger and smaller by comparison). Use the slide bar at the bottom of the activity to "scroll" through and see all the interesting objects! http://sciencenetlinks.com/tools/cell-size-and-scale/. :-)

We think your comment is super awesome, Cat! Thank you for sharing it with us today and also for letting us know a little bit about yourself! Have a GREAT day! :-)

Hello, Miguel! Thanks so much for sharing your comment with us today! We encourage you to explore all the links inside this Wonder to learn even more about super small things (even some things that get cultured in Petri Dishes in laboratories)! Have a GREAT rest of the week! :-)

It's super neat to WONDER about all the undiscovered things out there in the world, Team Clark #18! Not just bacteria, but plants, animals...we bet there are LOTS of new species just waiting to be found! Thanks for making US WONDER today, too! :-)

In the future, scientists believe they'll be able to develop this tool to see even smaller things. Many researchers believe there is no theoretical limit on how small an object they'll one day be able to see. Scientists are excited about the research possibilities this new tool will open up in the future.

That's some AWESOME WONDERing, Team Clark 1! We're not sure why humans can't see any smaller than that. Maybe someday, we will have special microscopic glasses that will help us see super small things without having to use an expensive microscope...wouldn't that be WONDERful? We're glad you want to submit an idea for a future Wonder! LOTS of the ideas for our WONDERful Wonders of the Day® come from the amazing Wonder brains of folks just like YOU! By clicking on the “nominate” link that’s found at the top of every page in Wonderoplis and answering a few easy questions, you can let us know what cool things YOU are WONDERing about, too! :-)

We're so glad we could help with your homework, Christine! While Willy Wonka was not an actual design inspiration for the Wonderopolis logo, there are commonalities between the two. The Wonderopolis logo was developed to appeal to our natural sense of curiosity. The playful nature of the logo is energetic and engaging--encouraging people to explore and delight in Wonder and learning! Thanks for asking about it! We hope you have a WONDERful day! :)

It's super neat the way you spelled out "s t r e c h i n g," Team Clark 7! It's lots of FUN to WONDER what it would be like to see germs and bacteria up close, isn't it? By the way, we think it's AWESOME that you like to WONDER about a lot of things...Wonderopolis is a GREAT place to do that! :-)

Thanks for leaving us this WONDERful comment today, Team Wilch 5! We like all the great extra WONDERing you are doing about germs! Did you know there is a past Wonder of the Day® all about germs? It's really cool...check it out! Wonder #484 - Can Germs Be Good for You? https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/can-germs-be-good-for-you/. :-)

As the name suggests, the function of the laser beam expanding lens is to expand the beam, that is, to enlarge the laser spot area to achieve a larger area of beam output to suit different system requirements. For example, reducing the power density can prevent damage to the optical device. During beam expansion, the beam energy is adjusted, and a flat-top light output can be achieved. Additionally, laser beam expanders serve two critical purposes:

Thanks for letting us know you thought this Wonder was interesting, Team Clark #11! We're super happy to hear that! We bet there are WAY too many germs in the world to even try to count! Think of all the people in the world, and all the places germs could be found. It's mind-boggling, isn't it? :-)

We call these types of things "microscopic objects" because we need a microscope to see them. Our eyes have limits, so we can't see extremely small objects without help. Certain tools, like magnifying glasses, microscopes and telescopes, magnify objects so we can see them.

It makes us super happy to hear that, Hailey! We really like it when our Wonder Friends share that they love learning in Wonderopolis...we think that's just WONDERful! :-)

WOW! You and your classmates are really WONDERing about germs and microscopes after exploring this Wonder together, Team Clark 21! We think that ROCKS! We're pretty sure there are even smaller things than germs, like viruses, molecules and atoms. We're not sure how powerful a microscope would need to be to see that small, but it's sure fun to WONDER about! :-)

It's really AWESOME that you are interested in magnification, Team Wilch 12! We're not sure how many microscopes are made each day, but that's something cool to WONDER about! We have some other EYE-related Wonders we think you and your "Team" classmates might enjoy: Wonder #390 - Where Do Red Eyes Come From? https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/where-do-red-eyes-come-from/ Wonder #252 - What Is an Optical Illusion? https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-is-an-optical-illusion/ Wonder #300 - How Do Mirrors Work? https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-do-mirrors-work/ Happy WONDERing! :-)

WOW! You sure DID learn a lot of interesting facts by exploring this Wonder of the Day®, Team Wilch #6! We're proud of you! If you'd like to learn more about lice and see a microscopic picture of one (called a louse), here's a cool website you can visit: http://kidshealth.org/kid/misc/microscopic_louse.html. Happy WONDERing! :-)

That's some really great WONDERing about lenses, Team Wilch #1! Thanks for sharing what you learned in science...it added something GREAT to this Wonder of the Day®! :-)

Your comment made our day today, Madison! Thank you for the super nice things you said! We're glad you like learning in Wonderopolis and that you think it's FUN to hang out here! :-)

Common lens refraction beam extenders typically consist of two or more lenses, divided into Galilean and Keplerian types. These beam expanders function like Galilean and Keplerian expander used in reverse.

We agree about the microsphere nanoscope, Team Wilch 15! It sounds WONDERful! We WONDER what awesome things we will be able to see in the future! We know that scientists can see LOTS of germs and bacteria with the help of electron microscopes and other high-powered magnification devices. We will have to WONDER more about whether there is something too small to see! :-)

We really enjoyed hearing all the AWESOME things you learned by exploring this Wonder of the Day® with your classmates, Team Clark 23! Those facts were SUPER interesting! We also like your question about getting rid of microbes. It's cool to WONDER how that would affect our world if it happened! :-)

Your comment on this Wonder of the Day® is SUPER COOL, Team Clark #2! Here are some of the reasons why: 1. You taught us how to say "hello" in Hungarian! 2. You used AWESOME words like conundrum and miniscule! 3. You shared some AMAZING facts that you learned today! 4. You WONDERed even more about seeing small things after you explored this Wonder! We think you, your eyes AND your WONDERful Wonder brain ROCK! :-)

Well, we say, "GOOOOO, Team Clark #22!" Thanks for this great comment about microscopes! We've been WONDERing about germs, too, and we think it's probably a good thing that we can't see them without a microscope. Because germs are all around us, it might be a little overwhelming to see them everywhere we look! :-)

Laser beam expanders play a crucial role in various optical systems by enhancing beam characteristics such as convergence and directionality. The choice between Galilean and Kepler-type expanders depends on the specific application requirements, particularly the energy levels involved and the desired magnification. Proper design and material selection ensure optimal performance and integration into broader optical systems.By increasing the input beam diameter, improving focused spot size, and managing beam divergence, beam expanders significantly enhance the overall effectiveness of laser systems.

Hello, Team Clark 20! You're not the only "Team" classmate who is WONDERing about what causes lice! Here's a GREAT resource for you so you can learn all about the pesky little critters: http://kidshealth.org/kid/ill_injure/sick/lice.html. We were surprised to learn so many interesting facts about lice and we hope you are, too! :-)

We like how you are WONDERing what it might be like to see inside a strand of hair, Team Wilch 7! We WONDER if we would have the patience to create needle art, too...it is so small and AWESOME! Thanks for sharing some of the cool facts you learned by exploring this Wonder of the Day®! :-)

First of all, we're super sorry you're feeling "under the weather," Team Wilch #14! We hope you feel better VERY soon! Secondly, THANK YOU for sharing this Wonder of the Day® with your family...that ROCKS! We really enjoy hearing when our Wonder Friends (like YOU) and their families learn together in Wonderopolis at home! Thirdly, WOW! You learned a LOT of cool, interesting facts about magnification, telescopes and germs! Thank you for sharing them with us today! :-)

If you look up at the night sky, you may see the moon, stars and even distant planets. Some of these objects may be millions of miles away. Isn't it amazing what you can see with your eyes?

Unlike the Galilean beam expander, the Keplerian beam expander uses positive focal length lenses for both the front and back sets. The light beam converges between the two lens sets, with the convergence point at the focal plane of the lenses. Keplerian beam expanders are easier to achieve a larger amplification effect but can generate heat at the laser convergence point, affecting the wavefront and increasing aberration. Thus, for high-power lasers, Galilean beam expanders are usually preferred.

Besides simple beam expanders, more complex designs like zoom beam expanders and achromatic beam expanders are available. These advanced expanders offer functionalities such as variable magnification and minimized chromatic aberration, which cater to specific requirements.

Experts believe that the naked eye — a normal eye with regular vision and unaided by any other tools — can see objects as small as about 0.1 millimeters. To put this in perspective, the tiniest things a human being can usually see with the naked eye are things like human hair (with the naked eye and under a microscope) and lice (with the naked eye and under a microscope).

We think we have a past Wonder that you will REALLY like sinking your teeth into, Team Clark #8! Check out Wonder #491 - Do Dogs Really Eat Homework? https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/do-dogs-really-eat-homework/. Thanks for hanging out in Wonderopolis and learning about microscopes with us today! :-)

Reflectivebeam expander

Hi there, Team Wilch 2! Thanks for sharing the meaning of the word "pandemonium!" We have seen that word a LOT in comments from "Team" Wonder Friends! We appreciate you letting us know some of the awesome things you learned by visiting this Wonder of the Day®, too! Keep up the AWESOME WONDERing! :-)

VIETNAM:Alpha Industrial Park, Tu ThonVillage, Yen My District, HungYen Province 17721+84 221-730-8668sales-vn@avantierinc.com

"Magnification" means making something appear bigger without actually changing its physical size. Magnifying tools use a special lens (or a combination of lenses) to bend light at an angle to increase the size of the image that is sent to the eye. As the image sent to the eye by way of the lens increases, you see an object more easily, even though its physical size has not changed.

We're glad you want your own microscope to see super small things now, Team Clark 17! We also appreciate you letting us know you liked this Wonder...have a GREAT rest of the day! :-)

Beam expanderEquation

HeLlO, TeAm ClArK 13! <<< It was fun to type your name the same way you typed ours! Thanks so much for letting us know the cool things you learned by exploring this Wonder. We like that you used the word, "persnickety" to describe germs. That's a GREAT word! :-)

We agree with you about that, Team Wilch 9! That person would have INCREDIBLE vision! We're not sure if there are people who can really see things that small with their regular vision, though. It's FUN to WONDER about that! :-)

We really like all those SUPER smiley faces, Christina! Thank you for visiting Wonderopolis today and letting us know you enjoyed this Wonder of the Day®! :-)

With the help of powerful microscopes, though, humans are able to see incredibly small things impossible to see with the naked eye. Until recently, standard microscopes would allow you to see things as small as one micrometer, which is equal to 0.001 mm.

Thanks for sharing that you guys were talking about microbes in class, Team Clark #5, and THANKS for checking out this Wonder of the Day®! Discussing things and listening to what other people have to say about a subject helps us see different points of view! It helps us WONDER more, too! :-)

Hello, Team Wilch #10! Seeing with a "naked eye" just means seeing without the help of instruments like a telescope or microscope. Do you want to learn more about eyes? Here is a GREAT Wonder for you: Wonder #113 - Why Do Some People Need Glasses? https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-do-some-people-need-glasses/. Happy WONDERing...and THANKS for commenting on this Wonder of the Day®! :-)

We really appreciate that you WONDER what life might be like as germs or bacteria, Team Wilch 19! That's a really cool way to think about learning something new! Thank you for sharing some of the great things you discovered today, and thank you for helping US WONDER about microscopic objects, too! :-)

Laserbeam expander

That's pretty impressive, Eric A! We bet you can see super tiny things that many of us cannot! It sounds like your a living microscope! How cool! :)

We're glad you like to WONDER, Team Clark #15! The microsphere nanoscope mentioned in this Wonder could probably be considered the most powerful microscope. Can you imagine being able to see inside a human cell? It kind of makes our Wonder minds spin a bit to think of seeing things that small! :-)

Would you believe, though, that there are all sorts of things close by that you can't see? It's true! Things like germs, bacteria… even dust mites… are all around us and invisible to the naked eye.

Since the beam expander is usually used with a laser, the design also needs to consider the choice of lens material, the laser damage threshold of the coating film, etc. In addition to the above simple structure of the beam expander, there are zoom beam expander , achromatic beam expander, etc. derived from this basis, the structure is relatively more complex.

Beam ExpanderThorlabs

Hello, Team Clark #9! Thanks for visiting Wonderopolis today! We have a past Wonder about GERMS that we think you and your "Team" classmates will have fun exploring! It's past Wonder #484 - Can Germs Be Good for You? https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/can-germs-be-good-for-you/. It has GREAT information on the four main types of germs! :-)

Gooooooo, Ryan! What an awesome comment! Thank you for sharing what you knew about the artist in the video for this Wonder! :-)

We think we should do a future Wonder on needle art, what do you think, Team Wilch 13? We don't know a lot more about it than what was shown in the video for this Wonder, and, like you, we think it would be FUN to learn more! Thanks for giving us a GREAT idea for a future Wonder...YOU ROCK! :-)

Thanks for leaving us this SUPER comment, Team Wilch 3! We've been enjoying reading the great stuff you and your "Team" classmates have learned about germs, bacteria, microscopes and magnification! Way to go! :-)

Those "oil" glasses sound so COOL, Team Wilch 8! Do you remember where you read the article? We would like to learn more about it! Thanks for letting us know you thought this Wonder was awesome. We think YOU are awesome for saying that! :-)

Galilean beam expandervsbeam expander

Hi, Damian! Winged termites are typically about 3/8 an inch (.95 cm) long, so you should be able to see it with just your eyes. If you want to see it up close, a microscope would be a better tool than a telescope, since a microscope helps magnify things. You could use a telescope to see things that are very far away, like in outer space! :)

We think having microscopic vision would be COOl, too, Team Wilch 22! It's FUN to WONDER about how many germs scientists have found. We're not sure, but we bet it's a LOT! Thanks for WONDERing with us in Wonderopolis today! :-)

A new invention — the "microsphere nanoscope" — combines a standard microscope with a complex device (called a "transparent microsphere") to allow you to see things up to 20 times smaller! Researchers believe this powerful new tool could allow them to see inside human cells and even examine live viruses in detail for the first time ever.

We're glad this Wonder helped you WONDER even more about microscopic things, Team Wilch 23! That makes us super happy to hear! Thank you for letting us know you liked learning in Wonderopolis today! :-)

Laser beam expanding lens is a common laser device used in scientific experiments, laser ranging, laser printing, and other applications. The laser beam expanding lens can be realized in different forms, such as off-axis reflection, using a couple of prisms to expand the beam, and so on. The most common type of beam expander is refraction, Light is refracted and transmitted through the lens and the beam is expanded when it exits. It is essentially an upside-down telescope, usually of relatively simple construction.

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When you look around you, what do you see? The world is filled with all sorts of things to look at. Trees, birds, people, cars… the list goes on and on.

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WOW! Thanks for teaching us something new today, Team Wilch 21! It was interesting to learn about President Roosevelt! We're glad you stopped by this Wonder of the Day® today! :-)

By understanding these components and their interactions, one can effectively use laser beam expanders to optimize performance in applications ranging from scientific research to industrial processes.

Galilean beam expanderCalculator

What a WONDERful comment you left for us on this Wonder, Jordan! We really enjoyed hearing all the cool things you WONDER about! An ant can be super small, but it is not the smallest thing we can see without the use of a microscope. There are even smaller things, like the thickness of a single strand of hair, or a tiny louse. Thanks for being such an AWESOME Wonder Friend...we appreciate how your Wonder brain works! :-)

Happy Thursday, Team Clark 10! We're glad you're WONDERing about magnification and seeing super small things! We shared this activity link with one of your "Team" classmates earlier, but we think you will really enjoy it, too! Use the slide bar at the bottom of the activity to help you navigate through from the largest item in the activity (a coffee bean) all the way down to the smallest (an atom)! http://sciencenetlinks.com/tools/cell-size-and-scale/. :-)

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Both Keplerian beam expanders and Galilean beam expanders can serve as beam expanders. The Keplerian beam expander easily achieves a larger amplification effect, but its disadvantage is the laser convergence point in the middle of the lens. For strong laser energy, the convergence point generates heat, which affects the wavefront and increases aberration. For more energetic lasers, the Galilean beam expander is usually used. Additionally, a Galilean beam expander has a negative focal length and a relatively compact structure, which is more conducive to system integration.