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In most instances, an optical lens is composed of two spherical surfaces. This lens has thinner margins and a thicker centre than its edges. If those surfaces are curved outwards, the lens is referred to as a biconvex lens or just a convex lens. The image formed by a convex lens can be both real and virtual images based on the object's position. The erect image by convex lens is always virtual and diminished image of the object.

It has an outward curvature on both sides. It is sometimes referred to as a convex lens or a biconvex lens. In comparison to Plano-convex lenses of the same surface radius and diameter, they have a shorter focal length.

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If the lens is convex, then the focal length will be positive (converging). The image created will be virtual and are on the same side of the lens as that of the object if the image distance is negative.

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The relationship between the focal length of the lens, the object’s distance, and the image’s distance can be calculated using the following lens formula.

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f= focal length v = the image’s separation from the optical centre u = the separation between the object and the optical centre.

If the magnification is positive, the picture is vertical in relation to the object (virtual image). If the magnification is negative, the image is inverted in relation to the object (real image).

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A convex lens, also known as a converging lens, is a type of lens that curves outward like a sphere on both sides. It is thicker at the center and thinner at the edges. They cause light rays to converge or come together at a point, forming a focused image. They are commonly used in various optical instruments, including eyeglasses, magnifying glasses, telescopes, and microscopes.

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The height of an image divided by the height of an object is known as the magnifying power of a convex lens. Magnification is also expressed as M = – (v/u).

The focal length is the separation between the lens’ optical centre and its focus. An optical system’s focal length, which is the inverse of the system’s optical power, indicates how strongly the system converges or diverges light.

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A beam of light coming from the outside can be focused by these lenses to a place on the other side. The focal length of a convex lens is the distance from the lens’s centre to the focus. The focus is at this point. On the other hand, a plano-convex lens is created when one of the surfaces is convex and the other is flat.

It has an outward curve from one side and an inward curve from one side. It can be used to correct other lenses’ spherical aberrations. It is applied to laser beam control. Concave-convex lens or meniscus is a mixture of both lenses with one convex lens and one concave lens side.

A convex lens is one in which the rays reflected through the surface are dispersed in a parallel path using reflection of light.

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An optical element called a plano-convex lens is used to concentrate light into a single point. One side of the lens is described as being flat (a plane) in the “Plano” section, and the other is described as being bent outward in the “convex” portion. These lenses are made to be used in non-critical applications with unlimited parallel light. It is used in robots, defence, and pharmaceutical products.

The refracted rays of light from the parallel beam converge on the opposite side of the convex lens. If the image is obtained at the lens’s focus, it will be actual, inverted, and very small. The focal length, f, is the distance between the optical center of the lens and the primary focus. Because the image created by the lens is actual, it can be obtained on the screen.