How do you know if you have it? Your doctor will make the final call, but talk to them if you feel like you hear sounds other people don't.

Cognitive behavioral therapy. This type of talk therapy has been shown to improve the overall quality of life for people with tinnitus. You learn to manage feelings of anger, fear, and anxiety that can come from having the condition.

The development of the microscope objective.  Journal of the Optical Society of America 33: 123-128 (1943).  Largely of historical interest, this review describes the invention of the microscope, early developments in lens design, correction for chromatic aberration, increasing numerical aperture, immersion objectives, and early progress in the design of apochromatic objectives.

Tinnitus is very common, affecting tens of millions of adults in the U.S. For most people, it's just an annoyance. However, tinnitus can make it hard to concentrate and fall asleep. It may end up interfering with your work and personal relationships.

If a medication is the trigger, your doctor might suggest that you stop taking it or change to a different drug. Never stop a medicine on your own without talking to your doctor.

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Some of the time, tinnitus has an underlying cause, and when that's treated, it improves. Most of the time, though, tinnitus can't be cured. However, there are things you can do to cover up the unwanted sound or make it less bothersome.

The compound microscope: Optical tube length or parfocalization?  European Journal of Physics 26: 1101-1105 (2005).  A theoretical study of standardized distances in compound microscopes. The authors examine the optical tube length with regards to requirements of parfocalization and discuss the German and Japanese industry standards employed for standardization of specimen-to-intermediate image distance.

JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery: "Effect of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy vs Standard of Care on Tinnitus-Related Quality of Life: A Randomized Clinical Trial."

Either can cause problems with your nerves, blood flow, and muscles. That can lead to tinnitus, along with headaches and memory issues.

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Your doctor may not be able to find the cause. If that happens, they’ll work with you to find ways to lessen the sound or help you manage it better.

If a health issue, such as high blood pressure, is the cause, your doctor can work with you to treat it. Often, the ringing will improve when you get the condition under control.

Proper alignment of the microscope.  Methods in Cell Biology 56: 135-146 (1998).  Addressed in this book chapter are the key components of optical microscopes and alignment for Köhler illumination. Among the topics discussed are the light source and collector, diffusers, condensers, stages, objectives, nosepiece, tube lens, eyepieces, and video adapters.

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This is a combination of counseling and sound habituation, which means getting used to sounds. The goal is to get your brain to stop paying attention to the tinnitus, so you aren't bothered by it.

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Relaxation techniques. Tinnitus can get worse when you’re stressed. You can try different ways to relax, such as exercise, yoga, deep breathing, or biofeedback.

Some people with tinnitus have no trouble hearing and are, in fact, unusually sensitive to sound. That's called hyperacusis. Someone with that condition is uncomfortable with even a normal level of noise and has to take steps to muffle or mask it.

Tinnitus is especially common in older people. Cells inside your inner ear and the nerve fibers that help you hear break down as part of the natural aging process. That can lead to both hearing loss and tinnitus.

Congestion, along with ear and sinus infections, can cause pressure to build up in your inner ear. The same thing can happen if you have too much earwax. That pressure can cause tinnitus.

Sound maskers. You wear them in or behind your ear to create constant, low-level white noise. This helps block the ringing. You might also try a white noise machine near your bed at night to help you sleep.

They might ask you to clench your jaw, move your eyes, and move your neck, arms, and legs. If the ringing gets worse when you move, that may help find a cause for it. You may also need imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans.

Optical Microscopy.  Encyclopedia of Condensed Matter Physics: 175-182 (2005).  A thorough review of microscope system optical components, including light sources, condensers, filters, objectives, eyepieces, the stage, stand, resolution, and depth of field. Also covered are various imaging modes, such as brightfield, oblique illumination, darkfield, polarized light, and DIC microscopy.

Carpenters, pilots, musicians, street-repair workers, and landscapers are among those whose jobs put them at risk, as are people who work with chainsaws, guns, or loud machinery. You're also more likely to have tinnitus if you go to a lot of concerts or loud sporting events, or if you listen to loud music. But it can also come from a single exposure to an extremely loud noise, such as a gunshot or an engine backfire.

Microscope Basics.  Methods in Cell Biology 81: 1-10 (2007).  Drs. Sluder and Nordberg review finite and infinity microscope optical systems, objectives (including mixing and matching), coverslip selection, empty magnification, camera pixel number and resolution, mounting cameras on the microscope, and many of the basic fundamentals of digital cameras.

The form that tinnitus takes can vary, depending on the drug and its dose. Some drugs can cause permanent hearing damage. With others, tinnitus may go away when you stop taking it.

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Choosing objective lenses: The importance of numerical aperture and magnification in digital optical microscopy.  Biological Bulletin 195: 1-4 (1998).  A comprehensive discussion of microscope objectives focused on the critical aspects of objectives for imaging. Included are basics of image formation and an overview of objectives for widefield and confocal fluorescence microscopy.

You're educated on what causes tinnitus and what's happening in your body and brain. This emphasizes the fact that while having it can be very upsetting and even debilitating, tinnitus isn't dangerous.

It depends on why you have it. Sometimes tinnitus will clear up if, for example, after you get over a cold, or it may go away a few days after a concert. Other times, there's an underlying cause that can be treated to improve the condition. But in most cases, tinnitus is permanent.

It's rare, but there's a type of tinnitus called pulsatile tinnitus in which the sound beats in sync with your heart. This could mean you have a blood vessel problem, and you should tell your doctor about it right away.

Microscopy and Micrometry  Methods in Microbiology 5: 1-103 (1971).  A comprehensive 100-page review on all aspects of microscopy, including light and color, magnification, Abbe theory, image formation, resolution, depth of focus, objectives, eyepieces, and condensers, and configuration for illumination. Phase contrast is described in detail as are making measurements with stage micrometers and reticules.

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Sound waves travel through your ear canal and cause your eardrum to vibrate. The vibrations activate cells inside the cochlea that turn them into electrical signals your brain understands as sound. Damage in this system can cause tinnitus. (Photo Credit: iStock/Getty Images)

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Tinnitus (pronounced ti-NIGH-tus), or ringing in the ears, is the sensation of hearing ringing, buzzing, hissing, chirping, whistling, or other sounds. You may hear the noise all the time, or it may come and go, and it can vary in loudness. It may be in one ear or both. It's often worse when background noise is low, so you may be most aware of it when you're trying to fall asleep in a quiet room.

Then you're exposed to low-level sound constantly. You may wear a device that generates sound or plays white noise at background level all day and while you sleep. This makes it harder for your hearing nerves to pick up tinnitus.

There are ways to train your brain to pay less attention to the sound. You may also be able to mask it with white noise, soft music, or other pleasant sounds you can play either when you're trying to go to sleep, or all the time. Some people benefit from learning more about tinnitus or joining a support group.

Medicines. No drugs are approved to treat tinnitus, and there aren't any supplements or over-the-counter remedies that have been scientifically proven to help. Some people find that taking antidepressants or antianxiety drugs makes tinnitus more manageable. Ask your doctor if these or other medications may be right for you.

Learning about tinnitus can help you manage it. Ask your doctor these questions so you better understand your condition and treatment options:

Treating the cause will likely ease your symptoms. But if your ear has been blocked for a long time, the damage may be permanent.

Loud noise is the main cause of tinnitus, and continuing to be exposed to it can make the condition worse. Protect your hearing by wearing earplugs, noise-blocking headphones, or other safety gear, and turning your music down.

The microscope optical train typically consists of an illuminator (including the light source and collector lens), a condenser, specimen, objective, eyepiece, and detector, which is either some form of camera or the observer's eye. Research-level microscopes also contain one or more of several light-conditioning devices that are often positioned between the illuminator and condenser, and a complementary detector or filtering device that is inserted between the objective and the eyepiece or camera. The conditioning device(s) and detector work together to modify image contrast as a function of spatial frequency, phase, polarization, absorption, fluorescence, off-axis illumination, and/or other properties of the specimen and illumination technique. Even without the addition of specific devices to condition illumination and filter image-forming waves, some degree of natural filtering occurs with even the most basic microscope configuration.

Ringing in the ears is the classic description of tinnitus, either high- or low-pitched. But it can sound like a lot of different things. People describe it as buzzing, humming, clicking, whistling, squealing, hissing, roaring, and whooshing. Some people say they hear music.

Although tinnitus is often associated with hearing loss, it doesn't cause the loss. Neither does hearing loss cause tinnitus. But experts think that when your hearing gets damaged, it changes the way your brain processes sound. If you lose the ability to hear at certain sound frequencies, your brain may try to fill the gap by perceiving sounds that don't actually exist.

Basic principles of microscope objectives.  BioTechniques 33: 772-781 (2002).  The authors describe the properties of microscope objectives, including resolution and numerical aperture, effects of design on magnification factors, correction for various degrees of aberration, infinity optical systems, and oil immersion fundamentals.

Microscopy overview.  Encyclopedia of Analytical Science: 32-41 (2005).  The authors provide a comprehensive review of all phases of the optical microscope. Addressed are lenses, magnification, simple and compound microscopes, numerical aperture, illumination, reflected light microscopy, diffraction, resolution, aberrations, contrast, confocal microscopy, and limitations of the microscope.

Hearing aids. These devices can help with age-related hearing loss and tinnitus. They make the sounds you need to hear louder and make the ringing harder to notice.

Your doctor will discuss your medical history. They’ll ask about any medicines you take, including supplements. They’ll do a hearing test, examine your head and neck, and look inside your ears.Â

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If the problem is too much earwax, the doctor can remove the buildup gently. Don't use cotton swabs to try to do it yourself.

Usually, when you develop tinnitus, it's your brain's response to a problem with the nerves or other parts of your ear that control your hearing. Ear damage from loud sounds is the most common cause. Up to 90% of people with tinnitus have some level of noise-induced hearing loss. Long-term exposure to noise causes permanent damage to the sound-sensitive cells of the cochlea, a spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear.Â

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Optical Microscopy  Encyclopedia of Imaging Science and Technology 2:1106-1140 (2002).  A thorough review of microscope optical systems and contrast-enhancing techniques. Eyepieces, condensers, and objectives are discussed in detail, as are finite and infinity optical systems. Included contrast techniques are phase, DIC, polarized light, Hoffman modulation contrast, and fluorescence.

More than 200 prescription and nonprescription drugs can cause tinnitus, especially when you start or stop taking them. These include:

Tinnitus can get worse for some people if they drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes, drink caffeinated beverages, or eat certain foods.

Tinnitus is a perception of sound that isn't really there — a ringing, buzzing, whooshing, or other kind of noise that only you can hear. While it isn't dangerous, it can be very annoying and make it hard to concentrate or sleep. It can sometimes go away on its own or improve if there's an underlying cause you can treat. But most people have to take steps to either cover it up or learn to tune it out.

There's no way to "cure" tinnitus. It may go away if there's a root cause that can be treated. But most of the time, treatment is aimed at making it less noticeable.