Diffractivevs refractive optics

DOEs are usually made as thin plates with microstructures on the surface that cause diffraction effects. These structures can have smooth or step profiles, which define the light pattern behind the DOE.

Understanding the requirements of your application and how they affect the DOE design is critical for successful product development. Important aspects to consider include target cost per device, production volume, required quality, and the operating environment. The characteristics of the light source (wavelength, optical power, etc.) also play a major role in the DOE design. These various aspects inform the selection of the DOE material (glass, plastic, etc.), the fabrication technology (photolithography, injection molding, etc.), and the optical design (step profile, smooth profile, element thickness, etc.). As a neutral partner, Helbling can evaluate the different options independently and select the most suitable material and fabrication process.

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Hybrid Stepper Motor Linear Actuators – are preferred by equipment designers who require high performance and endurance in a very small package. These high-performance hybrid actuators directly drive a rotor drive nut on a stainless steel precision acme lead screw. This patented interface reduces tolerances and noise while increasing efficiency and durability over v-thread and bronze nut configuration commonly used in other linear actuators. Actuators are available in captive, non-captive and external linear configurations.

The method with the fewest assumptions is the rigorous coupled-wave analysis method (RCWA). It treats light solely as an electromagnetic wave and only assumes a periodic structure. This method is limited to small elements due to the required computational power.

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A linear actuator actuates - or moves - in a straight line.  The primary reason for designing a linear actuator into a system is to address the need to accurately move a payload in a linear fashion, rather than a rotary one.  The operation of a Linear actuator is simple.  A lead screw (or ball screw) acts to translate the clockwise and counterclockwise rotary force (torque) of the motor into back-and-forth linear motion for a nut traveling along the length of screw.

DOEs are powerful optical elements offering possibilities that are not able to be achieved with any other refractive optical element. But their proper use and implementation needs to be carefully considered, and the fabrication method needs to match the requirements of the application. Helbling can provide support with know-how in the field of refractive and diffractive optics, optical design capabilities, and experience in product development.

Beam propagation methods (BPM) and wave propagation methods (WPM) are based on more complex simplifications. They are more suitable than TEA for thick DOEs and large light angles but need significantly more computational power.

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Understanding the advantages and limitations of each method is difficult but critical for selecting the right modeling tool. Helbling has developed a series of proprietary modeling tools to simulate and optimize DOE designs for a wide range of applications.

At the USA – Russia summit in Switzerland in June 2021, US President Joe Biden received a fascinating gift from Switzerland: a glass plate that projects an image when illuminated. The technique used here is caustic, a refractive method. The same effect can also be created by diffraction, a technique that has unique properties and therefore provides a basis for new product innovations.

Thin-element approximation (TEA) is very frequently used since it enables fast simulation with low memory requirements. This method assumes that the light only changes its phase while passing through the DOE but not its direction. It works well for thin DOEs and small light angles but gives faulty results in other cases.

A polarizing film is an optical film that allows the display to show its image by controlling the amount of light. Its performance is an important factor ...

August 2021 Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) offer unique possibilities that are not able to be achieved with other optical elements. Designing them properly is complex; Helbling supports its partners with its know-how and experience in this field.

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Can-Stack Stepper Motor Linear Actuators - provide a broader range of thrust and speed to address a wider range of applications. Haydon Kerk Motion Solutions patented design accepts a larger rotor than conventional units, improving efficiency and eliminating the need for massive heat sinks. Unique features impart ruggedness and reliability that assure long life and consistent performance. Rare earth magnets are available for even higher thrust. All units are built with dual ball bearings for greater motion control, precise step accuracy and long life.

Linear actuators come in several configurations to fit different applications.  Linear actuators are categorized by their mechanical drive mechanism, guide and housing. The most common types of linear actuators include:

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Hybrid Stepper with IDEA Drive - Available in size 17, single or double stack, the 43000 series Hybrid Linear Actuators with integrated IDEA™ Drive offers high performance and exceptional endurance in a compact package. The integrated IDEA™ Drive features a fully programmable control unit that uses an intuitive patent-pending Graphic User Interface (GUI). IDEA™ Drive software is simple to use with on-screen buttons and easy-to-understand programming guides. Offered in either USB or RS-485 communication. How To Choose the Right Linear Actuator:

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The straight-line movement provided by linear actuators can be used to lift, drop, slide, adjust, tilt, push or pull objects with the simple push of a button.  Linear actuators provide the back-and-forth movement for thousands of items that people use every day, in numerous industries including manufacturing, robotics, healthcare, automotive, aerospace, home automation and many others.

The performance, capacity, speed, force and precision of linear actuators is dependent upon a wide range of configuration aspects - including the size of the motor, the diameter of the lead or pitch of the drive screw, the gearbox ratio (if there is one), and any other accessories, such as limit switches and position sensing encoders.

Even though the diffraction effect is known for more than 300 years, DOEs have only started to be used more widely in the last few years. Today, the applications range from security features on banknotes to beam shapers for laser welding and multifocal microscopy lenses, to name just a few. DOEs are very attractive because they can create light patterns of almost any shape from a simple laser beam while being flat and thin plus offering high efficiency.

DiffractiveOptics

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May 3, 2023 — Polarization of Light: · When we restrict vibration to an electrical vector in an unpolarized light we get plane-polarized light. · In this the ...

by D Huang · Cited by 2 — LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis) is a surgical procedure designed to correct refractive errors. LASIK involves creating a corneal flap ...

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Computer models that simulate light patterns are used to determine the required microstructures for a DOE. But modeling DOEs is difficult due to their large number of microstructures distributed over their macroscopic size. Ray tracing, the most commonly used tool for refractive optics, does not take diffraction effects into account. Simulating wave propagations fully from each microstructure over the entire DOE requires a huge amount of computational power. Therefore, suitable modeling methods for DOEs rely on making simplified assumptions.

Linear actuators are motion devices that create force and motion in a straight line.  A linear actuator consists of a rotary motor (stepper, brush DC or brushless servo) and a threaded lead screw with a precision nut.  As the motor’s rotor spins, the linear actuator converts the motor’s rotation into linear motion by moving the nut in a straight line.  The push or pull linear motion is achieved directly through the nut and the lead screw.

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Dual Motion Hybrid Actuators - provide independent linear and rotary motion from a single compact actuator package. This type of actuator is an ideal replacement for bulky and complex mechanisms.The Haydon Kerk line of dual motion hybrid actuators provide independent linear and rotary motion in either Size 14 or Size 17 actuators. Each actuator incorporates two stepper motors which can be controlled independently using a standard two axis driver. Dual motion actuators integrate precise 2 axis motion in one simple and compact actuator.

Feb 20, 2022 — To create diffused light, cinematographers and gaffers often use a light diffuser. To put it simply, a light diffuser is a semi-transmittant ...

The versatility of DOEs sparks the creation of innovative products. For example, an active intraocular lens containing a DOE was developed in a collaboration between Helbling and Elenza, an innovative American medtech start-up. Artificial intraocular lenses are used to treat cataracts. In most cases, monofocal lenses are used, which only enable the patient to see sharp images at one distance and still require a pair of glasses to see at the other distance. Combining a DOE with a liquid crystal cell allows the optical power to be switched automatically simulate the natural accommodative ability of the lens of the eye.

New fabrication technologies developed in recent years have made DOEs commercially viable even for price-sensitive applications. Today they can be produced in large volumes at a low cost, making them an interesting option for smartphones, sensors for autonomous vehicles, or vision care products.