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Cyanine5 (Cy5) is a bright, far-red-fluorescent dye with excitation suited for the 633 nm or 647 nm laser lines and is used for imaging, flow cytometry and genomics. See moreProtocols that fit your needs in flow cytometry ranging from sample preparation to numerous cell stimulation conditions, staining, . See moreA handy reference poster featuring the broad range of our available dyes and labeling reagents. Request the guide See moreA tool for selecting the optimal fluorescent dyes for your Invitrogen EVOS cell imaging systems. Download the guide See more

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A general-purpose input/output (GPIO) is an uncommitted digital signal pin on an integrated circuit or electronic circuit (e.g. MCUs/MPUs) board which may be used as an input or output, or both, and is controllable by software.

Cy3excitation emission

In some ICs, particularly microcontrollers, a GPIO pin may be capable of other functions than GPIO. Often in such cases it is necessary to configure the pin to operate as a GPIO (vis-à-vis its other functions) in addition to configuring the GPIO's behavior. Some microcontroller devices (e.g., Microchip dsPIC33 family) incorporate internal signal routing circuitry that allows GPIOs to be programmatically mapped to device pins. Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) extend this ability by allowing GPIO pin mapping, instantiation and architecture to be programmatically controlled.

Cy5Structure

GPIOs have no predefined purpose and are unused by default.[1][2] If used, the purpose and behavior of a GPIO is defined and implemented by the designer of higher assembly-level circuitry: the circuit board designer in the case of integrated circuit GPIOs, or system integrator in the case of board-level GPIOs.

Fluorescence emission spectra of R-Phycoerythrin and PE-Cy5. Excitation is at 488 nm and the emission spectra are normalized to the absorbance of both dyes at 488 nm. PE-Cy5 has a peak emission spectrum at 669 nm where there is little overlap with the R-PE spectrum. This reduces compensation required to less than 10%. Excitation filters are of 35-nm bandwidth centered at the wavelength indicated and emission filters DsRed and Cy5.5 are 575–650 and 695–770 nm, respectively. Pseudocolor scale bar: radiant .In the second experiment, intensities of Cy3 and Cy5 were measured alternatively, switching from Cy3 excitation/emission condition to Cy5 using the same sam- ple. Spectroscopic measurements were .

Integrated circuit GPIOs are commonly used to control or monitor other circuitry (including other ICs) on a board. Examples of this include enabling and disabling the operation of (or power to) other circuitry, reading the states of on-board switches and configuration shunts, and driving light-emitting diode (LED) status indicators. In the latter case, a GPIO can, in many cases, supply enough output current to directly power an LED without using an intermediate buffer.

The fluorophore has its emission maximum in the red region, where many CCD detectors exhibit maximum sensitivity, and biological objects show low background. The dye color is very intense, therefore quantities as small as 1 nmol can be detected in gel electrophoresis by naked eye. . Cy5 excitation and emission spectra. Customers also .Supplementary Methods: TIR excitation and emission set up. NIHMS495771-supplement-Supplementary_materials.doc (102K) . 40% of Cy5 emission leaks into the Cy5.5 channel if Cy5.5 is used as a second acceptor), but careful calibration and correction can recover the original intensities 43. Our recent test indicates that Cy7 is a promising .

Cyanine 5.18 (or Cy5) is a fluorochrome emitting in the long-red/far-red range, usually regarded as unsuitable for direct observation by the human eye.The 75-nanometer emission window is combined with a wide 60-nanometer excitation passband (590 to 650 nanometers) to allow selective excitation and detection of specific popular .The Cy5 HYQ set employs a bandpass emission (barrier) filter (pass band region between 663 and 738 nanometers) instead of a longpass variety, in order to limit interference from fluorophores emitting outside the intended wavelength region, and to reduce autofluorescence.The 75-nanometer emission window is combined with a wide 60-nanometer excitation passband .

Standard excitation and emission spectra of Cy5 conjugate are provided for comparison (“Cy5 exc” and “Cy5 em,” respectively). Note rapidly increasing efficiency when excitation extends above 620 nm, parallel to ascending slope .

Cy5color

Board-level GPIOs are often given abilities which IC-based GPIOs usually lack. For example, Schmitt-trigger inputs, high-current output drivers, optical isolators, or combinations of these, may be used to buffer and condition the GPIO signals and to protect board circuitry. Also, higher-level functions are sometimes implemented, such as input debounce, input signal edge detection, and pulse-width modulation (PWM) output.

GPIOs usually employ standard logic levels and cannot supply significant current to output loads. When followed by an appropriate high-current output buffer (or mechanical or solid-state relay), a GPIO may be used to control high-power devices such as lights, solenoids, heaters, and motors (e.g., fans and blowers). Similarly, an input buffer, relay or opto-isolator is often used to translate an otherwise incompatible signal (e.g., high voltage) to the logic levels required by a GPIO.

Cy5vs Alexa 647

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(Cy5 ® ) R e l a t i v e I n t e n s i t y 350 400 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 450 Wavelength (nanometers) Excitation Emission PE-Cy 5® Laser line (488) Tandem (PE-Cy5 ® ) Excitation and Emission Spectral Profiles Energy Level Diagrams Fluorochromes have unique and characteristic spectra for absorption (excitation) and emission. A single dyeBroad UV Excitation 290-365 nm Emission Filters LP = Long pass filter DF = Band pass filter SP = Short pass filter 555 nm 555LP Molecular Imager FX Filters VersaDoc Filters 520 nm 520LP 660 nm 515 nm . Poor _ Cy5: 650 nm ____ Poor ___ Cy5.5: 675 nm ____ Emission Maxima ____ 443 nm: Coumarin ____ 461 nm: DAPI ____ 506 nm: Cy2Excitation maximum: λ exc = 649 nm Emission maximum: λ em = 670 nm Extinction coefficient: ε max = 250,000 mol-1 cm-1 Correction factor: CF 280 nm = 0.05. Description: Fluorescence techniques have become a major tool in biological sciences. Cy5.5 has strong two-photon absorbance at 1.25 µm and emission that peaks at 710 nm. In the approach, Cy5.5–dextran is delivered by retro-orbital injection and spreads into all vessels in the body.

Invitrogen Cyanine5 (Cy5) dye is a bright, far-red-fluorescent dye with excitation designed for use with the 633 nm or 647 nm laser lines. A significant advantage to using long wavelength dyes such as Cy5 dye or Invitrogen Alexa Fluor 647 dye over other fluorophores is the low autofluorescence of biological specimens in this region of the spectrum.

Cy5spectrum

Integrated circuit (IC) GPIOs are implemented in a variety of ways. Some ICs provide GPIOs as a primary function whereas others include GPIOs as a convenient "accessory" to some other primary function. Examples of the former include the Intel 8255, which interfaces 24 GPIOs to a parallel communication bus, and various GPIO expander ICs, which interface GPIOs to serial communication buses such as I²C and SMBus. An example of the latter is the Realtek ALC260 IC, which provides eight GPIOs along with its main function of audio codec.

A GPIO pin's state may be exposed to the software developer through one of a number of different interfaces, such as a memory-mapped I/O peripheral, or through dedicated IO port instructions. Some GPIOs have 5 V tolerant inputs: even when the device has a low supply voltage (such as 2 V), the device can accept 5 V without damage.

GPIOs are used in a diverse variety of applications, limited only by the electrical and timing specifications of the GPIO interface and the ability of software to interact with GPIOs in a sufficiently timely manner.

Texas Redexcitation emission

Microcontroller ICs usually include GPIOs. Depending on the application, a microcontroller's GPIOs may comprise its primary interface to external circuitry or they may be just one type of I/O used among several, such as analog signal I/O, counter/timer, and serial communication.

GPIO interfaces vary widely. In some cases, they are simple—a group of pins that can switch as a group to either input or output. In others, each pin can be set up to accept or source different logic voltages, with configurable drive strengths and pull ups/downs. Input and output voltages are usually, but not always, limited to the supply voltage of the device with the GPIOs, and may be damaged by greater voltages.

Cy5 is available conjugated to: Secondary Antibodies for Multiple Labeling; Streptavidin; ChromPure™ Purified Proteins from Normal Serums (Donkey and Goat) Cy2, Cy3 and Cy5 Conjugates for Permanent Mounting. Excitation Peak (nm) Emission Peak (nm) . Show Excitation and Emission Spectra . The primary photodegradative mechanism of cyanine dyes is dependent on singlet oxygen generated by energy transfer from excited triplet fluorophores to molecular oxygen 24,31 ().Singlet oxygen .588–640-nm excitation filter range, distinctly below the excitation optimum for Cy5, (c) a 650–700-nm emission filter range, transmitting the low-wavelength portion of Cy5 emis-sion, and (d) high-efficiency filter set components allowing a narrow gap between excita-tion and emission ranges without visible cross-talk of excitation light in .PE-Cyanine®5.5 (PE-Cy5.5) is a red-emitting tandem fluorophore that combines phycoerythrin (PE) and Cy5.5. The donor molecule, PE can be excited by the 488-nm blue, 532-nm green, or 561-nm yellow-green laser and and transfers energy to the acceptor molecule, Cy5.5. PE-Cy5.5 has an excitation peak at 496 nm and an emission peak at 695 nm.

Many circuit boards expose board-level GPIOs to external circuitry through integrated electrical connectors. Usually, each such GPIO is accessible via a dedicated connector pin.

However, these inner filter effects are avoided when the Cy5 emission spectra for 1T or 2T are generated with 350 nm where there is much less absorption of the ultraviolet excitation light by other Cy5-cassette molecules in the solution.Crucial factors were (a) an excitation path in the microscope not absorbing light in the orange-red range, up to 640 nm, (b) a 588-640-nm excitation filter range, distinctly below the excitation optimum for Cy5, (c) a 650-700-nm emission filter range, transmitting the low-wavelength portion of Cy5 emission, and (d) high-efficiency filter set .By modulated excitation of a long wavelength Cy5 transient absorption, we dynamically modulate Cy5 emission. The frequency dependence enables specificaton of the dark state timescales enabling optical demodulation-based signal recovery from high background. These dual laser illumination schemes for high sensitivity fluorescence signal recovery .CFP excitation coupled with a YFP emission filter. For FRET sensitized-emission donor-acceptor bleedthrough measurements. Requires CFP and YFP light cubes for CFP-YFP FRET experiments. AO (470/22 nm Excitation; 488LP nm Emission) Cat. No. AMEP4970

Cy5absorbance

Our broadband excitation comfortably covers absorption of both the Cy3 and Cy5 (Fig. 3b), and, in contrast to standard donor-lifetime FLIM, we detect emission from the acceptor Cy5 only. Notably, to construct our far-red HVI we used Cy5 as the fluorophore because of its desired excitation/emission spectrum (ex. peak at 649 nm; em. peak at 670 nm) and high molecular brightness .

About PE-Cy5. PE-Cyanine®5 (PE-Cy5) is a red-emitting tandem fluorophore that combines phycoerythrin (PE) and Cy5. The donor molecule, PE can be excited by the 488-nm blue, 532-nm green, or 561-nm yellow-green laser and and transfers energy to the acceptor molecule, Cy5. PE-Cy5 has an excitation peak at 496 nm and an emission peak at 667 nm.Human blood was blocked with normal goat serum and incubated with an anti-CD3 mouse monoclonal antibody; cells were washed, resuspended and incubated with either an Alexa Fluor 647 or Cy5 goat anti–mouse IgG secondary antibody. Samples were analyzed on a flow cytometer equipped with a 633 nm He–Ne laser and a longpass emission filter (>650 nm).Cy2, Cy3 and Cy5 Conjugates for Permanent Mounting. . Approximate peak wavelengths of excitation and emission for Cyanine fluorophores conjugated to affinity-purified antibodies. Only approximate values are given for purposes of comparing one fluorophore with another. Actual values may vary depending on the spectrofluorometer used in each .Cy5.5 (Cyanine-5.5) is a fluorescent compound with an excitation peak at 683 nm and an emission peak at 703 nm. Other spectra of interest include: Cy5.5NS, Cy2, and iFluor 680.Cy5.5 (Cyanine-5.5) belongs to the following categories: Amine Reactive Dyes and Probes for Conjugation, and Cyanines. Purchase Cy5.5 (Cyanine-5.5).

Fluorochromes have unique and characteristic spectra for absorption (excitation) and emission. A single dye is excited at a particular wavelength and emits a photon at a higher wavelength.

Cy7excitation emission

Like IC-based GPIOs, some boards merely include GPIOs as a convenient, auxiliary resource that augments the board's primary function, whereas in other boards the GPIOs are the central, primary function of the board. Some boards, which are classified usually as multi-function I/O boards, are a combination of both; such boards provide GPIOs along with other types of general-purpose I/O. GPIOs are also found on embedded controller boards and Single board computers such as Arduino, BeagleBone, and Raspberry Pi.[3]

Minimal excitation by red diode lasers, very low background, good stability, and consistent emission . laser power greater than 150 mW. US Orders: 877.232.8995 bdbiosciences.com Features PerCP PerCP-Cy5.5 Absorption max/emission max 490 nm/677 nm 490 nm/695 nm Excitable by 488-nm laser Yes Yes Spillover to PE Channel Minimal Minimal Relative .Peridinin chlorophyll protein-Cyanine5.5 (PerCP-Cyanine5.5) is a photostable tandem dye excited from the 488 nm laser. It is stable in fixative, and stained cells can be stored overnight.

Although GPIOs are fundamentally digital in nature, they are often used to control analog processes. For example, a GPIO may be used to control motor speed, light intensity, or temperature. Usually, this is done via PWM, in which the duty cycle of the GPIO output signal determines the effective magnitude of the process control signal. For example, when controlling light intensity, the light may be dimmed by reducing the GPIO duty cycle. Some analog processes require an analog control voltage. In such cases, it may be feasible to connect a GPIO, which is operated as a PWM output, to an RC filter to create a simple, low cost digital-to-analog converter.

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Multiple GPIOs are sometimes used together as a bit banging communication interface. For example, two GPIOs may be used to implement a serial communication bus such as Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C), and four GPIOs can be used to implement a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus; these are usually used to facilitate serial communication with ICs and other devices which have compatible serial interfaces, such as sensors (e.g., temperature sensors, pressure sensors, accelerometers) and motor controllers. Taken to the extreme, this method may be used to implement an entire parallel bus, thus allowing communication with bus-oriented ICs or circuit boards.

Excitation and emission. Cy5 has an excitation peak at 651 nm and an emission peak at 670 nm. It is well excited by the 633 nm or 647 nm laser lines. For detection, a .Cy5.5 is an important historical fluorophore from GE Healthcare. It has an excitation peak at 678 nm and an emission peak at 695 nm. Spectrally its similar to Alexa Fluor™ 680.PE-Cyanine®5 (PE-Cy5) is a red-emitting tandem fluorophore that combines phycoerythrin (PE) and Cy5. The donor molecule, PE can be excited by the 488-nm blue, 532-nm green, or 561 .PE-CyTM5 (Ex max496 nm/Em. max667 nm) is a tandem conjugate that combines phycoerythrin and the cyanine dye Cy5. Because of its broad absorption range and the fact that its emission .