Laser has a pulse repetition rate of 82 MHz with a pulse length greater than 15ps. Picosecond laser with output power greater than 24 watts at a wavelength of ...

However, frequent or chronic stress can lead to impaired adaptation and increased risk of systemic inflammation; immune dysfunction; premature aging; cognitive decline; metabolic disorders including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease; and even psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD.[i]

The negative consequences of stress are related to a “crisis mode” emotional and physiological response. This response allows an organism to mobilize resources and either fight the stressor (or aggressor) or take flight in the classic “fight or flight” response.[iii] Basically, the stress response puts us into survival mode.

Here we define Field of View (FOV) by detector size and microscope objective, and Field of Illumination (FOI) relative to the detector and in the image plane.

What is a biomarker

It is very suitable for surface illumination of non-reflective objects, and is often used to observe and detect the edge of objects, surface structure, traces, ...

There are biochemical and physiological changes that can be identified and addressed in order to modify the effects of prolonged stress on the body. Fortunately, there are also a number of interventions that can reduce the negative effects of stress. These include active stress management, healthy diet and lifestyle habits, and targeted nutrition support.

1/RXY is a good approximation of the maximum spatial frequency in the image. To capture all information in the image (e.g. with a CCD detector) we must sample at frequency F to avoid “aliasing errors”. This is known as the Nyquist criterion:

Jan 16, 2022 — Like graphite and diamond, DLC is made of carbon, but it has a combination of sp2 and sp3 bonds. As a result, a DLC coating has a combination of ...

The following variation on the Rayleigh criterion provides a definition for spatial resolution SXY of the illumination system:

Stress biomarkersin biological fluids and their point-of-use detection

Translating into the PIP with objective magnification of MO, we can compute the sensor pixel size required to fulfill the Nyquist criterion:

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In a fluorescence microscope resolution is dominated by the objective lens which both illuminates and images the specimen. The objective numerical aperture (NA) and the wavelength of detected light (l) define Resolution, RXY by the Rayleigh criterion as follows:

Thorlabs' Ø1/2 and Ø1 Silicon (Si) Plano-Convex Lenses are available with a broadband AR coating optimized for the 2 µm to 5 μm spectral range deposited on ...

Wir bekräftigen den Konsens von Monterrey2 in seiner Gesamtheit und Intaktheit und seinem ganzheitlichen Ansatz und erkennen an, dass die Mobilisierung von ...

Welcome to part 1 of the ODX Stress Biomarkers Series. In this series, the ODX Research team explores the causes, characteristics, and biomarkers of stress, as well as how to cope with it optimally. From sources to physiology to biomarkers, this series provides a roadmap into and out of stress.

Prolonged stress can significantly disrupt psycho-neuro-immune balance, resulting in commonly recognized psychological and physiological symptoms. Biomarkers associated with stress reflect the major systems involved, e.g., the autonomic nervous system (alpha-amylase, epinephrine, norepinephrine), HPA axis activity (cortisol, CRH, ACTH), and immune system activity (inflammatory cytokines, CRP).[ii]

Subject to application requirements, Nyquist may or may not be necessary, Using an objective lens of 100X, 1.4 NA we see that Neo, Clara, iXon3 885 and Luca R are all capable of achieving the Nyquist criterion: 2 * Px = 22 µm. While at 60X 1.4 NA, only Neo and Clara can provide small enough pixels.

Stress is a broad term referring to a stimulus or event that disturbs homeostasis and generates a response in the stressed individual. Stress may be considered “eustress,” meaning it can have a positive, motivating effect. However, we often we think of stress as distress, which can have negative emotional and physical effects, especially if prolonged.

The objective lens in a microscope is responsible for magnifying the object being viewed. It is one of the two sets of lenses in a compound ...

As mentioned above, it is common to match FOV and FOI, but with active illumination other factors such as Power Density (PD) or Resolution may also be important considerations. Mosaic is equipped a 2X zoom laser collimator so you can trade FOI for PD.

In a microscope system, the camera is coupled via a C-mount adapter and located in a primary image plane (PIP). The PIP is our reference for the definition of FOV and FOI.

Identifying potential stressors, monitoring physiological and psychological changes, and intervening with stress management techniques are crucial steps to addressing stress in a healthy and effective manner.

MicroPoint provides a flexible and field-proven tool for photo-stimulation. Supplied with a patented compact, pulsed nitrogen pumped tunable dye laser it is capable of ablation,…

Channelrhodopsin2 (ChRh2) is a light activated cation channel which can be expressed in neurons and used to control behavior in host organisms, including mice, c. elegans and drosophila. Stimulation with blue light (~470 nm), the power density, for photo-activation of ChRh2 is in the range 0.1-10 mW mm-2 and has a wide dynamic range.

MicroPoint and FRAPPA use Gaussian laser beams and Gaussian beams remain Gaussian with a theoretical minimum focus spot diameter of l, where l is the wavelength. This can only be achieved if the collimated laser beam fills the objective aperture.

Power density, PD in the specimen plane is estimated from the ratio of beam power and area. Spectral transmission and chromatic errors in the microscope objective are critical to performance. To estimate specimen plane PDS, the Mosaic output beam power density is multiplied by the square of the magnification and the systems spectral transmission, T(l).

The simplest type of grating is one with a large number of evenly spaced parallel slits. When white light enters the grating, the light components are ...

Nov 11, 2021 — I am using a Labomed Compound microscope to study the histology of layers of GIT and neurons. I have taken pictures on the magnification of ...

This is the size of the smallest object the microscope can resolve, sometimes called the diffraction limit, and is also the diameter of the smallest spot to which a collimated beam of incoherent light can be focused. The shape of the spot is an Airy disk or optical point spread function, PSF, characteristic of the system.

Stress is ubiquitous. How we respond to it and cope with it depends on our resiliency as well as our perception of that stress. The stress response allows us to adapt to our environment, in some cases challenging or “fighting” a potential adversary, and in some cases wisely fleeing that adversary or negative stressor (“flight”).

Apr 30, 2024 — A simple microscope is a microscope with a single lens that magnifies objects for a closer view, while a compound microscope is a microscope ...

Stressmarkers in blood

[i] Frankiensztajn, Linoy Mia et al. “The microbiota and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, implications for anxiety and stress disorders.” Current opinion in neurobiology vol. 62 (2020): 76-82. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2019.12.003

In the PIP, FOV is defined as the extent of the image sensor in X and Y dimensions. For consistency we define FOI as the extent of illumination in the PIP. This is convenient because we can easily calculate overlap between the two.

[ii] Nater, Urs M et al. “Biomarkers of stress in behavioural medicine.” Current opinion in psychiatry vol. 26,5 (2013): 440-5. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e328363b4ed