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An aspherical lens is simply a lens that doesn’t have a spherical surface shape. Instead, it has an aspheric surface (i.e. non-spherical), usually with counter-curves near its edges.

Definitions The Effective Focal Length (EFL) is what we commonly refer to as the focal length of an eyepiece. It takes into account the focal lengths of the individual lens elements and the spacing between those elements. An element can be a simple lens consisting of one piece of glass, a doublet or achromat (two pieces of glass cemented together), or even a triplet (three pieces of glass cemented together). In this discussion, any of these is considered to be one element. Here are some examples. Simple Lenses Achromat Triplet The spacing is the distance between the principal planes of two adjacent elements. In the calculators below, it is assumed that the principal plane of a simple lens lies in the center of the lens. For an achromat, it is assumed to be where the two pieces of glass are joined in the center of the lens. For a triplet, the principal plane is assume to be in the center of the middle piece of glass. In a multi-element eyepiece, the element nearest your eye is called the eye lens. The element at the opposite end of the eyepiece, closest to the objective of the telescope, is the field lens. If there is a third element in between these two, it is simply referred to as the middle lens. Practical Considerations Most simple eyepiece designs (Kellners, Symmetricals, Plössls, even Erfles) specify that the elements be closely spaced – nearly touching. For the lenses commonly used to construct 1.25-inch eyepieces, this puts the principal planes on the order of 4mm to 10mm apart. Modest changes in spacing have little effect on the EFL. Increasing the distance between elements will increase the EFL but may introduce other undesireable characteristics, such as a narrower field of view. I've found that simple eyepieces with closely spaced lenses usually have a field of view of 45° to 50°. To maximize eye relief, arrange the elements so that the lens with the longest focal length is the field lens and the one with the shortest focal length is the eye lens. Limitations These calculators tell you nothing about the field of view or eye relief of an eyepiece. They are useful only for calculating the Effective Focal Length, given the focal length and spacing of the lens elements. The calculators below are also available as an Excel spreadsheet. Click to download. 2-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1 and f2), and the spacing (d) between the principal planes of the elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d EFL 3-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1, f2 and f3), and the spacing (d1-2 and d2-3) between the principal planes of adjacent elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d1-2 f3 d2-3 EFL

In a multi-element eyepiece, the element nearest your eye is called the eye lens. The element at the opposite end of the eyepiece, closest to the objective of the telescope, is the field lens. If there is a third element in between these two, it is simply referred to as the middle lens. Practical Considerations Most simple eyepiece designs (Kellners, Symmetricals, Plössls, even Erfles) specify that the elements be closely spaced – nearly touching. For the lenses commonly used to construct 1.25-inch eyepieces, this puts the principal planes on the order of 4mm to 10mm apart. Modest changes in spacing have little effect on the EFL. Increasing the distance between elements will increase the EFL but may introduce other undesireable characteristics, such as a narrower field of view. I've found that simple eyepieces with closely spaced lenses usually have a field of view of 45° to 50°. To maximize eye relief, arrange the elements so that the lens with the longest focal length is the field lens and the one with the shortest focal length is the eye lens. Limitations These calculators tell you nothing about the field of view or eye relief of an eyepiece. They are useful only for calculating the Effective Focal Length, given the focal length and spacing of the lens elements. The calculators below are also available as an Excel spreadsheet. Click to download. 2-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1 and f2), and the spacing (d) between the principal planes of the elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d EFL 3-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1, f2 and f3), and the spacing (d1-2 and d2-3) between the principal planes of adjacent elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d1-2 f3 d2-3 EFL

3. An aspherical lens element has much more precise control of how light travels inside your lens. So much so, that one asphere can oftentimes negate the need for many of the standard lens elements that would otherwise be needed to achieve the same effect.

Increasing the distance between elements will increase the EFL but may introduce other undesireable characteristics, such as a narrower field of view. I've found that simple eyepieces with closely spaced lenses usually have a field of view of 45° to 50°. To maximize eye relief, arrange the elements so that the lens with the longest focal length is the field lens and the one with the shortest focal length is the eye lens. Limitations These calculators tell you nothing about the field of view or eye relief of an eyepiece. They are useful only for calculating the Effective Focal Length, given the focal length and spacing of the lens elements. The calculators below are also available as an Excel spreadsheet. Click to download. 2-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1 and f2), and the spacing (d) between the principal planes of the elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d EFL 3-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1, f2 and f3), and the spacing (d1-2 and d2-3) between the principal planes of adjacent elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d1-2 f3 d2-3 EFL

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The lens surface of an aspherical lens corrects for this, making it possible to shoot at wider apertures and allowing us to use the entire surface of the lens.

To maximize eye relief, arrange the elements so that the lens with the longest focal length is the field lens and the one with the shortest focal length is the eye lens. Limitations These calculators tell you nothing about the field of view or eye relief of an eyepiece. They are useful only for calculating the Effective Focal Length, given the focal length and spacing of the lens elements. The calculators below are also available as an Excel spreadsheet. Click to download. 2-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1 and f2), and the spacing (d) between the principal planes of the elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d EFL 3-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1, f2 and f3), and the spacing (d1-2 and d2-3) between the principal planes of adjacent elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d1-2 f3 d2-3 EFL

Maybe you’re looking at buying a new lens and aren’t sure if you should fork out the extra cash for the one marked “Asph Lens,” or you’re just wondering what makes aspheric lenses expensive.

Learn about the benefits of aspherical lenses (Asph Lens) in photography and why you should (or shouldn't) attach one to your camera in 2023.

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3-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1, f2 and f3), and the spacing (d1-2 and d2-3) between the principal planes of adjacent elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d1-2 f3 d2-3 EFL

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Learn about the benefits of aspherical lenses (Asph Lens) in photography and why you should (or shouldn't) attach one to your camera in 2023.

Spherical aberrations occur when incoming light rays pass through a spherical lens and focus at different points, causing blurry images and reducing overall image quality.

They also allow manufacturers to create smaller and lighter lenses since they reduce the need for numerous lens elements and lens groups.

Ideally, light rays, when passing through a camera lens element, would all converge at a single point thereby creating a sharp focus. Unfortunately, this isn’t the case with many spherical lenses.

The aspherical glass lenses used in top-of-the-line telephoto and wide-angle lenses are particularly expensive. They’re usually ground and polished by hand.

One way to compensate for this is by using a combination of concave and convex lens elements. Another way is by using an aspheric lens.

Limitations These calculators tell you nothing about the field of view or eye relief of an eyepiece. They are useful only for calculating the Effective Focal Length, given the focal length and spacing of the lens elements. The calculators below are also available as an Excel spreadsheet. Click to download. 2-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1 and f2), and the spacing (d) between the principal planes of the elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d EFL 3-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1, f2 and f3), and the spacing (d1-2 and d2-3) between the principal planes of adjacent elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d1-2 f3 d2-3 EFL

It’s really amazing how far modern optics have come. Not too long ago, only pros could afford full-frame cameras and aspherical lenses. Now those of us in the prosumer world can get them too.

Focal lengthto angle of viewcalculator

An element can be a simple lens consisting of one piece of glass, a doublet or achromat (two pieces of glass cemented together), or even a triplet (three pieces of glass cemented together). In this discussion, any of these is considered to be one element. Here are some examples. Simple Lenses Achromat Triplet The spacing is the distance between the principal planes of two adjacent elements. In the calculators below, it is assumed that the principal plane of a simple lens lies in the center of the lens. For an achromat, it is assumed to be where the two pieces of glass are joined in the center of the lens. For a triplet, the principal plane is assume to be in the center of the middle piece of glass. In a multi-element eyepiece, the element nearest your eye is called the eye lens. The element at the opposite end of the eyepiece, closest to the objective of the telescope, is the field lens. If there is a third element in between these two, it is simply referred to as the middle lens. Practical Considerations Most simple eyepiece designs (Kellners, Symmetricals, Plössls, even Erfles) specify that the elements be closely spaced – nearly touching. For the lenses commonly used to construct 1.25-inch eyepieces, this puts the principal planes on the order of 4mm to 10mm apart. Modest changes in spacing have little effect on the EFL. Increasing the distance between elements will increase the EFL but may introduce other undesireable characteristics, such as a narrower field of view. I've found that simple eyepieces with closely spaced lenses usually have a field of view of 45° to 50°. To maximize eye relief, arrange the elements so that the lens with the longest focal length is the field lens and the one with the shortest focal length is the eye lens. Limitations These calculators tell you nothing about the field of view or eye relief of an eyepiece. They are useful only for calculating the Effective Focal Length, given the focal length and spacing of the lens elements. The calculators below are also available as an Excel spreadsheet. Click to download. 2-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1 and f2), and the spacing (d) between the principal planes of the elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d EFL 3-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1, f2 and f3), and the spacing (d1-2 and d2-3) between the principal planes of adjacent elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d1-2 f3 d2-3 EFL

Absolutely! They’ll make your lens lighter, your images sharper, and bring aberrations and distortion down to near zero. The only downside is how much they cost.

The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position.

The focal length of a lens determines its magnifying power, which is the apparent size of your subject as projected onto the focal plane where your image sensor ...

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These counter-curves direct light rays hitting the edges of a lens to converge at the same point of focus as the light rays hitting the center.

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The field of view (FOV) is the width of the scene that a camera detects on its sensor. A smaller FOV means that a camera is more zoomed in (to use a term ...

2-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1 and f2), and the spacing (d) between the principal planes of the elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d EFL 3-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1, f2 and f3), and the spacing (d1-2 and d2-3) between the principal planes of adjacent elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d1-2 f3 d2-3 EFL

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Equivalentfocal length calculator

Designers – especially with wide-angle lenses – often have to stop-down their optical systems to exclude the corners so as to avoid an excess of field curvature.

Aspherical lenses are curved outwards on their rear element so that they can better direct light rays into a single focal point. These counter-curves help correct spherical aberration, creating sharper images.

As you can imagine, aspherical lenses aren’t just used in cameras. They’re a vital part of any system that needs a high standard of optical quality, from telescopes and contact lenses, to rifle sights and missile-guidance systems.

In the past, only pros could afford such top-of-the-line optics. These days they’re still spendy, but at least they’re not completely the ballpark for ordinary photographers.

The calculators below are also available as an Excel spreadsheet. Click to download. 2-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1 and f2), and the spacing (d) between the principal planes of the elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d EFL 3-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1, f2 and f3), and the spacing (d1-2 and d2-3) between the principal planes of adjacent elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d1-2 f3 d2-3 EFL

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Standard lenses use spherical elements, many of which aren’t natively able to direct the light reaching its edges to the same focal point as the light reaching its center.

The formulas employed by these calculators are approximations. I have found them to be reasonably accurate in predicting the focal lengths of my homemade eyepieces. Definitions The Effective Focal Length (EFL) is what we commonly refer to as the focal length of an eyepiece. It takes into account the focal lengths of the individual lens elements and the spacing between those elements. An element can be a simple lens consisting of one piece of glass, a doublet or achromat (two pieces of glass cemented together), or even a triplet (three pieces of glass cemented together). In this discussion, any of these is considered to be one element. Here are some examples. Simple Lenses Achromat Triplet The spacing is the distance between the principal planes of two adjacent elements. In the calculators below, it is assumed that the principal plane of a simple lens lies in the center of the lens. For an achromat, it is assumed to be where the two pieces of glass are joined in the center of the lens. For a triplet, the principal plane is assume to be in the center of the middle piece of glass. In a multi-element eyepiece, the element nearest your eye is called the eye lens. The element at the opposite end of the eyepiece, closest to the objective of the telescope, is the field lens. If there is a third element in between these two, it is simply referred to as the middle lens. Practical Considerations Most simple eyepiece designs (Kellners, Symmetricals, Plössls, even Erfles) specify that the elements be closely spaced – nearly touching. For the lenses commonly used to construct 1.25-inch eyepieces, this puts the principal planes on the order of 4mm to 10mm apart. Modest changes in spacing have little effect on the EFL. Increasing the distance between elements will increase the EFL but may introduce other undesireable characteristics, such as a narrower field of view. I've found that simple eyepieces with closely spaced lenses usually have a field of view of 45° to 50°. To maximize eye relief, arrange the elements so that the lens with the longest focal length is the field lens and the one with the shortest focal length is the eye lens. Limitations These calculators tell you nothing about the field of view or eye relief of an eyepiece. They are useful only for calculating the Effective Focal Length, given the focal length and spacing of the lens elements. The calculators below are also available as an Excel spreadsheet. Click to download. 2-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1 and f2), and the spacing (d) between the principal planes of the elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d EFL 3-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1, f2 and f3), and the spacing (d1-2 and d2-3) between the principal planes of adjacent elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d1-2 f3 d2-3 EFL

FOV andfocal length

The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position.

Aspherical lenses are used primarily in high-end optics to create sharper images and reduce or eliminate certain optical imperfections (i.e. chromatic aberrations, field curvature, etc.).

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Of course, asph lenses are considerably more expensive than spherical lenses, but high-quality glass will last a lifetime, so if you can spring for the high-performing lens, go for it!

35mm equivalentfocal length calculator

Either way, knowing what an aspherical lens is and what it does will help you in better understanding your gear and when it comes time to purchase new types of camera lenses, you’ll have a better idea of what to buy.

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Eyepiece Focal Length Calculators The calculators below perform a rough determination of the Effective Focal Length (EFL) of simple 2- and 3-element eyepieces. You need only specify the focal length of the individual elements and the spacing between the elements. The formulas employed by these calculators are approximations. I have found them to be reasonably accurate in predicting the focal lengths of my homemade eyepieces. Definitions The Effective Focal Length (EFL) is what we commonly refer to as the focal length of an eyepiece. It takes into account the focal lengths of the individual lens elements and the spacing between those elements. An element can be a simple lens consisting of one piece of glass, a doublet or achromat (two pieces of glass cemented together), or even a triplet (three pieces of glass cemented together). In this discussion, any of these is considered to be one element. Here are some examples. Simple Lenses Achromat Triplet The spacing is the distance between the principal planes of two adjacent elements. In the calculators below, it is assumed that the principal plane of a simple lens lies in the center of the lens. For an achromat, it is assumed to be where the two pieces of glass are joined in the center of the lens. For a triplet, the principal plane is assume to be in the center of the middle piece of glass. In a multi-element eyepiece, the element nearest your eye is called the eye lens. The element at the opposite end of the eyepiece, closest to the objective of the telescope, is the field lens. If there is a third element in between these two, it is simply referred to as the middle lens. Practical Considerations Most simple eyepiece designs (Kellners, Symmetricals, Plössls, even Erfles) specify that the elements be closely spaced – nearly touching. For the lenses commonly used to construct 1.25-inch eyepieces, this puts the principal planes on the order of 4mm to 10mm apart. Modest changes in spacing have little effect on the EFL. Increasing the distance between elements will increase the EFL but may introduce other undesireable characteristics, such as a narrower field of view. I've found that simple eyepieces with closely spaced lenses usually have a field of view of 45° to 50°. To maximize eye relief, arrange the elements so that the lens with the longest focal length is the field lens and the one with the shortest focal length is the eye lens. Limitations These calculators tell you nothing about the field of view or eye relief of an eyepiece. They are useful only for calculating the Effective Focal Length, given the focal length and spacing of the lens elements. The calculators below are also available as an Excel spreadsheet. Click to download. 2-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1 and f2), and the spacing (d) between the principal planes of the elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d EFL 3-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1, f2 and f3), and the spacing (d1-2 and d2-3) between the principal planes of adjacent elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d1-2 f3 d2-3 EFL

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1. Physically, spherical lenses have a front surface that is spherical, meaning the curve is the same from top to bottom and left to right – like a portion of a sphere.

Practical Considerations Most simple eyepiece designs (Kellners, Symmetricals, Plössls, even Erfles) specify that the elements be closely spaced – nearly touching. For the lenses commonly used to construct 1.25-inch eyepieces, this puts the principal planes on the order of 4mm to 10mm apart. Modest changes in spacing have little effect on the EFL. Increasing the distance between elements will increase the EFL but may introduce other undesireable characteristics, such as a narrower field of view. I've found that simple eyepieces with closely spaced lenses usually have a field of view of 45° to 50°. To maximize eye relief, arrange the elements so that the lens with the longest focal length is the field lens and the one with the shortest focal length is the eye lens. Limitations These calculators tell you nothing about the field of view or eye relief of an eyepiece. They are useful only for calculating the Effective Focal Length, given the focal length and spacing of the lens elements. The calculators below are also available as an Excel spreadsheet. Click to download. 2-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1 and f2), and the spacing (d) between the principal planes of the elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d EFL 3-Element Focal Length Calculator Enter the focal lengths of the lenses (f1, f2 and f3), and the spacing (d1-2 and d2-3) between the principal planes of adjacent elements. Then click Calculate EFL to perform the calculation. The lens types shown in the diagram are for illustration only; many different arrangements are possible. The calculator does not care what type of lens is used in each position. f1 f2 d1-2 f3 d2-3 EFL