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20211014 — Diffused light is not necessarily soft, and soft light is not necessarily diffused. As a photographer, I previously used diffused and soft interchangeably.

Particularly for applications with pulsed lasers, it is important that gratings have a high enough optical damage threshold (see the article on laser-induced damage). Good power handling capabilities are tentatively in line with the requirement of low absorption losses, since only absorbed light has the potential for damaging a grating.

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Generally, the diffraction efficiency is for the different orders can be polarization-dependent. This is particularly the case for reflection gratings, while transmission gratings often exhibit only a weak polarization dependence.

For many applications, the diffraction efficiency is of high importance. This is the fraction of the incident optical power which is obtained in a certain diffraction order. It is often specified only for the desired diffraction order, not for the weaker unwanted orders. It depends not only on the grating itself, but also substantially on operation conditions such as the optical wavelength and the angle of incidence.

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With the combination of ultra-pure fused silica substrates, all-dielectric coatings, and a unique grating design, Gitterwerk gratings offer a very high damage threshold with maximum diffraction efficiency (up to 99.5%). Beyond that, our unique mask-based full-field exposure process eliminates any stitching artifacts or period variations in our products, resulting in a perfect beam quality with excellent homogeneity. We cover the spectrum from 250 nm – 2500 nm with a series of line densities ranging from 600 l/mm up to 3000 l/mm, which both the optical performance and the mechanical dimensions can be tailored to the customer's specific requirements.

The equations above may lead to values of <$\sin \theta_\rm{out}$> with a modulus larger than 1; in that case, the corresponding diffraction order is not possible. Figure 1 shows an example, where the diffraction orders −1 to +3 are possible.

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Note that Fresnel zone plates can also be regarded as a special kind of diffraction gratings, where one has circular structures instead of straight grating lines.

The diffraction efficiency can depend on the line density and other factors, and there are various design trade-offs involving the diffraction efficiency and other properties.

Natural Light is the best lighting for your home office. Not only does natural light help to reduce eye strain and headaches, but it's also great for your eyes. Imagine starting your day sitting at your home office desk, you flip on the switch to illuminate your workspace, but the glare of the overhead light is overly harsh and dazzling. It's time to ditch artificial light and opt for natural light instead.

A promising approach is to avoid any materials with significant light absorption. For example, one can produce transmission gratings from purely dielectric materials with very low absorption and a high threshold for laser-induced damage.

If the grating's phase effect does not have a sinusoidal shape, one may have multiple diffraction orders <$m$>, and the output angles can be calculated from the following more general equation:

An incident beam with an angle <$\theta$> against the normal direction has a wave vector component <$k \cdot \sin \theta$> along the plane of the grating, where <$k = 2\pi / \lambda$> and <$\lambda$> is the wavelength. Ordinary reflection (as would occur at a mirror) would lead to a reflected beam having the in-plane wave vector component <$-k \cdot \sin \theta$>. Due to the grating's phase modulation, one can have additional reflected components with in-plane wave vector components <$-k \cdot \sin \theta \pm 2\pi / d$>. These correspond to the diffraction orders ±1. From this, one can derive the corresponding output beam angles against the normal direction:

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Pairs of diffraction gratings can be used as dispersive elements without wavelength-dependent angular changes of the output. Figure 6 shows a Treacy compressor setup with four gratings, where all wavelength components are finally recombined [2]; it can be used for dispersive pulse compression, for example. The same function is achieved with a grating pair when the light is reflected back with a flat mirror. (Note that such a mirror may be slightly tilted such that the reflected light is slightly offset in the vertical direction and can be easily separated from the incident light.) Such grating setups are used as dispersive pulse stretchers and compressors, e.g. in the context of chirped-pulse amplification. They can produce much larger amounts of chromatic dispersion than prism pairs, for example.

Figure 2 shows in an example case of a grating with 800 lines per millimeter, how the output angles vary with wavelength. For the zero-order output (pure reflection, <$m = 0$>), the angle is constant, whereas for the other orders it varies. The order <$m = 2$>, for example, is possible only for wavelengths below 560 nm.

Knight Optical has a range of stock diffraction gratings available, choose from our commercial, holographic and ruled research diffraction gratings for your application. If these do not meet your requirements, Knight Optical also offers custom diffraction gratings, enquire for further information.

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The color temperature of your light bulbs can also affect your eye strain. Lower color temperatures (between 2700K and 3000K) are warmer and more yellow-toned, while higher color temperatures (between 4000K and 6500K) are cooler and more blue-toned. Cooler color temperatures can be more stimulating, but they can also cause eye strain. On the other hand, warmer color temperatures can help create a relaxing atmosphere, but they may not be as effective in reducing eye strain. Consider using a combination of both types of bulbs to find the right balance for your workspace.

If you're reading this, it's probably because you're looking for some tips on how to protect your eyesprecious peepers and keep your vision in top shape. Well, you're in luck! So, is using a desk lamp good for your eyes? The answer is: absolutely! But there are a few things to consider when selecting the best light for your needs. First and foremost, reducing your exposure to blue light is essential, as blue light maywhich can harm your eyes. One way to do this is by taking breaks from screens and using a desk lamp with a high color rendering index (CRI) of at least 80. This will help reduce strain on your eyes and improve the quality of light you're exposed to. Finding the perfect desk lamp for eye protection can be challenging, but with our guide to the best eye-careing options on the market, you'll be able to make an informed decision.

Diffraction gratings can be optimized such that most of the power goes into a certain diffraction order, leading to a high diffraction efficiency for that order. For ruled gratings (see below), this optimization leads to so-called blazed gratings (echelette gratings), where the position-dependent phase change is described by a sawtooth-like function (with linear increases followed by sudden steps). The slope of the corresponding surface profile must be optimized for the given conditions in terms of input angle and wavelength. That optimization, however, can only work for a limited wavelength range.

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Different tasks require different types of lighting. For example, reading requires brighter light than typing on a keyboard. To avoid eye strain, use task lighting to illuminate specific areas of your workspace where you're working. For example, use a desk lamp for reading and a floor lamp for ambient lighting. This will help reduce eye strain and help you stay focused.

Proper positioning of your light sources is crucial in reducing eye strain. Ideally, place light sources at a 90-degree angle relative to your computer screen. This will help reduce glare and reflections that can cause eye strain. Additionally, consider positioning your light sources on either side of your workspace instead of directly in front or behind you. This will help create an even distribution of light, reducing harsh shadows that can cause eye strain.

Grating 1 separates the input according to its optical frequencies (with passes for two different frequencies shown in the figure), and after grating 2 these components are parallel. Gratings 3 and 4 recombine the different components. The overall path length is frequency-dependent, and therefore the grating setup creates a substantial amount of anomalous chromatic dispersion, which may be used for dispersion compensation, for example.

Assuming an optimally blazed grating in Littrow configuration, the surfaces should be perpendicular to the incident beam. You can then use the fact that the optical path difference from groove to groove is <$\lambda/2$> (or an integer multiple thereof for higher-order operation), and geometrically calculate the groove depth from that.

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Headwall-manufactured OEM holographic diffraction gratings, spectrographs, and spectrometers maximize the quality of UV-VIS–NIR analysis. These master-quality diffraction gratings feature superior spectral and spatial resolution and extremely low scatter, meeting the demands of your high-performance instrument. We have more than 40 years of experience producing gratings and spectral engines for ourselves and for our OEM customers.

Lighting for computerworkstations

You know that long hours in front of a computer screen can take a toll on your eyes. The constant glare, flicker, and blue light can cause eye strain, fatigue, and even insomnia. But with the right lighting, you can reduce the strain on your eyes and improve your productivity. That's where our home office lighting guide comes in. We'll take you through the different types of lighting and show you what to look for when setting up your home office. From reducing your exposure to blue light to finding the perfect light sources with a high color rendering index (CRI), our guide will give you all the information you need to create a comfortable and eye-friendly working environment.

Note that different sign conventions may be used for the diffraction order, so that there may be a minus sign in front of that term.

You've just finished setting up your home office, but you must figure out why it just doesn't feel right. Your computer is there, your favorite pens and notebooks are ready to go, and your chair is comfortable enough. But something is off. That's when it hits you: the lighting! Lighting is the unsung hero of any workspace, and if it's not done right, it can cause a whole host of problems, from eye strain and headaches to long-term damage.

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Exposure to blue light can cause eye strain and headaches and disrupt sleep. Many devices, such as smartphones, computers, and televisions, emit blue light. Consider using a blue light filter to reduce the amount of blue light you're exposed to. You can purchase blue light filter glasses or install an app on your computer or smartphone to filter out blue light. These filters can help reduce eye strain and improve your sleep.

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It is instructive to consider the spatial frequencies of the position-dependent phase changes caused by a grating. In the simplest case of a sinusoidal phase variation, there are only two non-vanishing spatial frequency components with <$\pm2\pi / d$>, where <$d$> is the period of the grating structure.

Desk lamps or task lights are among the most critical light sources to pay attention to. Picture this: you've been staring at your computer screen for hours, and your eyes feel strained and tired. It's time to give them a break with the help of an adjustable desk lamp. Not just any lamp, but look for a lamp that can be angled and tilted to ease eye strain. Ensure the light is directed towards your keyboard and paperwork rather than the computer screen to avoid distracting glare.

Diffraction gratings are often used for wavelength tuning of lasers. For example, gratings in Littrow configuration can be used in external-cavity diode lasers.

In the so-called Littrow configuration of a reflection grating, the diffracted beam – most often the first-order beam – is going back along the incident beam. This implies the following condition:

As explained above, particularly high diffraction efficiencies are achieved with blazed gratings. Some transmission gratings also achieve very high diffraction efficiencies – sometimes even higher ones than for reflective gratings, essentially by avoiding absorption in metals.

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The alignment of diffraction gratings is often highly sensitive, requiring precise fine mechanics and high mechanical stability. The alignment sensitivity does not only depend on the grating itself (e.g. its line density), but also on various operation conditions and the application. The minimization of alignment sensitivity is often an important aspect for the design of optical arrangements involving gratings.

BenQ ScreenBar is a LED monitor light equips with automatic dimmer and asymmetric optical design to illuminates the working space, increase focus and eye-comfort.

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The Littrow configuration is used, for example, when a grating acts as an end mirror of a linear laser resonator. A given grating orientation fixes a wavelength within the gain bandwidth of the laser medium for which the resonator beam path is closed, i.e., laser operation is possible. This technique is used for making wavelength-tunable lasers – for example, external-cavity diode lasers.

A diffraction grating is an optical device exploiting the phenomenon of diffraction, i.e., an kind of diffractive optics. It contains a periodic structure, which causes spatially varying optical amplitude and/or phase changes.

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The phase difference of light reflected from two different grating lines is <$m \cdot 2\pi$> for the output beam direction. Essentially, this means no phase difference, as <$m$> is an integer number.

It is also possible to fabricate a diffraction grating on a prism; the combination of a prism and a grating is sometimes called a “grism”. One may choose the parameters such that light at a certain center wavelength gets through the grism without any deflection.

Most used diffraction gratings only have dimensions of millimeters or a few centimeters, but it is also possible to fabricate very large gratings with dimensions of tens of centimeters or even more than one meter. A technical challenge is then to achieve a high uniformity over the whole grating area. Height uniformity is crucial for obtaining a high wavefront quality of diffracted beams.

This type of light, also known as general lighting, is essential in any home office. Not only does it provide a warm and inviting atmosphere, but it also helps to reduce harsh shadows and glare that can cause eye strain and discomfort. It helps soften harsh light from your task light or computer screen, and protects your precious peepers from strain.

Edmund Optics offers a wide range of transmission and reflection gratings for the ultraviolet (UV), visible and infrared (IR) regions. This includes both ruled and holographic gratings. We also offer polarization gratings, transmission grating beamsplitters and other variants.

Congratulations, you've made it to the end of our illuminating journey! Now that you've learned about the importance of proper lighting and how to reduce eye strain in your home office, it's time to put that knowledge to use.

The new BenQ ScreenBar and e-Reading Lamps have built-in sensors so with just a tap they adjust brightness throughout the day to deliver 500 lux to your desk. They also include additional features that allow you to alternate between warm and cool light, which can help you work and experiment with different color temperatures.

As the direction of each output beam – except for the zero-order beam – is wavelength-dependent, a diffraction grating can be used as a polychromator.

Using our advertising package, you can display your logo, further below your product description, and these will been seen by many photonics professionals.

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An important question is how the output power is distributed over the different diffraction orders. In other words, the diffraction efficiency for certain diffraction orders is of interest. This depends on the shape of the wavelength-dependent phase changes, and thus on the detailed properties of the grating grooves. In general, diffraction efficiencies can be calculated with diffraction theory.

Thermal sensitivity can particularly be a problem in applications involving high-power laser radiation, such as spectral beam combining.

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By implementing these 10 lighting tips, you can transform your workspace into a bright and cozy environment that will help you stay focused and productive. Remember to customize your lighting to your unique needs, take frequent breaks, and enjoy the benefits of a healthy and well-lit workspace. So go ahead, let there be light!

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Bestlightingpositionfor computerdesk

If we take the general household use situation, about eight hours of lighting a day, as long as it is properly operated, it can basically be said that a light will last forever.

Fitting most monitors, BenQ ScreenBar Halo is a LED monitor light with an asymmetric optical design and backlight that illuminates the workspace; what's more, the wireless controller saves valuable space and allows you to adjust brightness and color temperature.

Lightingergonomicsfor computerusers

Some diffraction gratings are specifically optimized for operation at or near the Littrow condition: they are blazed gratings (see above) for achieving a maximum diffraction efficiency. The shape of the grating grooves (assuming a ruled grating) is such that the linear parts of the structure are parallel to the wavefronts of the incident light. This also leads to a weak polarization dependence. Of course, that optimization can work only for a limited wavelength range, since the diffraction angles for other wavelengths will deviate from Littrow condition.

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Generally, temperature changes result in changes of the line spacing, depending on the thermal expansion coefficients of the used materials. Different types of gratings can differ a lot in terms of thermal sensitivity.

Unlike a simple prism, a diffraction grating generally produces multiple output beams according to different diffraction orders.

If you want to improve your eye health and reduce your electricity bill, it's high time you scooted your desk closer to a window and let the sunshine in! Research has proven that natural light is critical to maintaining healthy eyes and can even enhance your vision. Even just three hours a day of basking in natural light can significantly improve your vision.

In spectral beam combining, one often uses a diffraction grating to combine radiation from various emitters at slightly different wavelengths into a single beam.

The acquisition of industry leader Holographix adds new capabilities for replication of a variety of high volume OEM products requiring the highest level of quality. For over two decades, Holographix has focused on micro- and nano-structure replication of high-performance, custom-designed photonic solutions for the life sciences, semiconductor, aerospace and defense, and metrology markets.

Many diffraction gratings are used in grating monochromators and spectrometers, where the wavelength-dependent diffraction angles are exploited. Figure 5 shows a typical setup of a monochromator. Artifacts in the obtained spectra can arise from confusion of multiple diffraction orders, particularly if wide wavelength ranges are recorded.

Most LED lamps can provide more than 50,000 hours of lighting in general use, compared to 2,000 hours for traditional incandescent bulbs, which is a huge difference.

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Reflective surfaces, such as mirrors and white walls, can help maximize the lighting in your workspace. They reflect light and distribute it evenly, reducing the amount of glare and shadows. Additionally, if you have a window in your workspace, consider placing a mirror on the opposite wall to reflect natural light into your workspace. This can help reduce eye strain and improve your mood and productivity.

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Ideal lighting for computer workreddit

And let's not forget about decorative lighting! It can remind you to take frequent eye breaks, a crucial step in reducing eye strain. Remember to follow the 20-20-20 rule and take a break every 20 minutes, gazing at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. With the right combination of accent and decorative lighting, you can create a stylish and healthy workspace for your eyes.

Don't let subpar lighting ruin your late-night study sessions! It's crucial to consider the luminosity of your reading light, the focus level, and the distance between your book or tablet and the light. Trust us, you want to avoid straining your eyes with too much light or struggle to see with not enough. So, how many lumens does your desk lamp need for the optimal reading experience? Keep reading to get the lowdown on finding the perfect lighting for your needs. In this post, we'll delve into the different types of lighting and their effects on reading ability. We'll also determine whether 100 lumens are sufficient for studying and general bedroom use, or if a higher lumen rating is necessary for those and other tasks.

Another possibility is to make a grating on top of a dielectric mirror structure, resulting in a reflecting grating mirror with very high diffraction efficiency [12].

Figure 3 shows how the number of diffraction orders depends on the ratio of wavelength and grating period, and on the angle of incidence. The number of orders increases for shorter wavelengths and larger grating periods.

A high diffraction efficiency for a particular diffraction order is essential for various applications. For example, a pulse compressor setup should not waste more of the generated pulse energy than is unavoidable. Also, high throughput of a spectrometer, enabled by using one or more highly efficient gratings, leads to a high detection sensitivity or possibly to reduced demands on the probe illumination, which is particularly important for battery-powered instruments.

While you may think that having your lights pointed directly at your workspace is the best way to keep the creative juices flowing, that’s really a common misconception. Excessive lighting can cause shadows and glare, making it harder to concentrate on your work. The solution? Illuminate your workspace with a soft and soothing glow by adding a low ambient light to the area around you.

If the damage threshold in terms of optical fluence is not as high as desired, one may operate a grating with a correspondingly larger beam area (or with nearly grazing incidence). That approach, however, also hits limitations, such as limited availability of large gratings or the required compactness of an apparatus.

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Don't settle for a boring workspace, add some accent and decorative lighting to bring your home office to life! Not only will that add some personality to your space, but it can also help reduce eye strain. You can showcase your favorite art pieces or unique collections with accent lighting, creating a warm, inviting environment that inspires creativity.

Most common are reflection gratings (or grating reflectors), where a reflecting surface has a periodic surface relief leading to position-dependent phase changes. However, there are also transmission gratings, where transmitted light obtains position-dependent phase changes, which may also result from a surface relief, or alternatively from a holographic (interferometric) pattern.

Echelle gratings are a special type of echelette gratings (= blazed gratings), where the blaze angle is particularly large (beyond 45°). They are typically made with a relatively low groove density, used with a high angle of incidence, and for obtaining increased angular dispersion one utilizes high diffraction orders. They are mainly used in spectrometers and related types of instruments – often in combination with an ordinary grating for avoiding a confusion of light from multiple orders.

In a grating spectrometer, for example, one exploits the wavelength-dependent beam directions after a diffraction grating. The achievable wavelength resolution depends not only on the obtained angular dispersion (e.g. in units of microradians per nanometer), but also on the natural beam divergence angle: the smaller the divergence, the more precisely one can determine a change of angle. Therefore, a high wavelength resolution requires a large illuminated spot on the grating. One can show that the relative wavelength resolution <$\Delta \lambda / \lambda$> is of the order of <$1 / (m \: N)$> where <$m$> is the used diffraction order and <$N$> is the number of illuminated grating grooves.

This article treats mainly diffraction gratings where the diffraction occurs at or near the surface. Note that there are also volume Bragg gratings, where the diffraction occurs inside the bulk material.

Holographix works closely with our customers to assist them in the development of custom grating-based solutions from concept to production. We produce both reflection gratings and transmission gratings using our proprietary UV replication technology. Blazed, binary, sinusoidal and slanted grating profiles are available options.

The handling of diffraction gratings – at least those with the grating near the surface – is usually relatively delicate. Grating surfaces are fairly sensitive e.g. against touching with hard objects or abrasive materials. It is thus also rather difficult to clean them; one should normally not try more than blowing off dust with clean, dry nitrogen or air. The deposition of any fat, oil or aerosol, for example, should be avoided wherever possible because it may be impossible to remove such deposits without damaging the grating.

But don't worry. We're here to help! In this article, we'll share 10 expert tips on home office lighting that will reduce eye strain and create a comfortable, productive, and stylish work environment you'll love spending time in.

As explained above, the line density determines the angular positions (and even the existence) of the various diffraction orders. It may be limited by the used fabrication method, but can also be involved in design trade-offs.

2024425 — Makro-Objektive. Um mit der Makrofotografie zu beginnen, braucht man zunächst nur eine Kamera mit einem Makro-Objektiv (Makrolinse), das bzw.

It is also possible to fabricate blazed holographic gratings, exhibiting a similar optimization of diffraction efficiency, although of course not related to a geometrical shape of the grooves.

The software RP Resonator also works with gratings. Find out e.g. the wavelength-dependent beam path in a single-pass configuration or within a laser resonator.