2024424 — The methods I saw for jumping it, are to connect the positive and negative terminals with a wire to another battery, or connect it to a 12V car ...

Cylinder number: Letters and numerals displayed in sheet margins which can identify printing cylinders. They are normally collected in a ‘cylinder block’ of six stamps

Self-Adhesive: A gummed stamp with a pressure-sensitive adhesive that does not need moistening to fix it to the postal item

Finde den passenden Bildverarbeitung Job auf Karriere Mittelhessen, deiner lokalen Jobbörse. Jetzt aktuell zu besetzende Stellen entdecken!

Comb perforation: When the perforation pins have been arranged in a comb pattern to perforate three sides of a stamp in one stroke

Unused never hinged (**): Also known as an 'Unmounted Mint', this is a stamp in its original unused condition that has not been hinged

Defective Mint (DEFM): A stamp which has heavy creasing, thins or missing perforations, but would otherwise be classed as in a 'mint' state

Superb (S): A nearly perfectly-centred stamp with a design that is perfect in all aspects. These are usually scarce and worth more in value

Thin: A 'thin' stamp gets its name from having an area where some of the paper is thinner than the remainder of the stamp.

JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser.

Fine to very fine (F-VF): The stamp design is slightly off-centred (horizontally or vertically) but is clear from perforations - making it attractive, but widely collected because it does not come with an unaffordable price

Homebarlighting

Phosphor stamps: Stamps which have been overprinted or coated with phosphorescent materials so they can be recognised by automatic letter sorting machinery

Imperforate (Imperf): Stamps which have been deliberately printed and issued without perforations, so that they bear straight edges on all four sides

All our High-Power LEDs sorted by color. High brightness LEDs are driven by 350mA or greater, these are our color options for those applications that apply.

Unmounted Mint (UM): A stamp in its original unused condition, as issued by the Post Office, with good gum that has never been hinged and complete perforations. Also known as unused never hinged

Graphite lines: GB definitives, from 1957 to 1959, had black vertical lines printed on the back of them so they could be used by automatic letter-sorting equipment.

Average Unmounted Mint (AVUM): A stamp which is in the state it was issued by the Post Office, bearing good gum and full complete perforations, but with visible faults

Gem: A term which can be used by anyone because it has no definite meaning - although it is mostly used to describe an extra high-quality stamp with fine centring, boardwalk margins and no faults or other special features.

Mint: A stamp in its original and unused pristine condition which was never cancelled and bears its full or original gum

Stamp collecting is a rewarding hobby for all ages. However, it can be quite challenging if you don’t know the meaning of the stamp terminology that’s widely used by collectors and dealers. This guide to stamp collecting abbreviations has been compiled for those who may need a bit more clarity to fully understand the various classifications and philatelic terms. Adhesive: A stamp that is gummed Airmail Stamp: Issued to prepay the postage of mail carried by air Albino: A design impression without any colour Aniline: A water soluble ink or dye Approvals: When a collector is offered a wide range of stamps to examine and choose from ahead of a purchase, but it must be bought or returned to the dealer in a specified period of time AVG - Average (AVG): A stamp is average if the design is cut into by the perforations in any way, if the outside margin shows on the perforation teeth or if heavy cancellation marks are present Average Mounted Mint (AVMM): As issued by the Post Office, with good gum and fully complete perforations, with hinge marks on the rear and other visible faults Average Unmounted Mint (AVUM): A stamp which is in the state it was issued by the Post Office, bearing good gum and full complete perforations, but with visible faults Average Used (AU): A stamp in a good used condition with cancellation marks, small defects or heavier postmarks Bisect: Describes part of a stamp cut in two for separate use; usually during an era of stamp shortages Blind perforation (Blind perf): A perforation which has not been fully punched out and has left some paper where the perforation holes should be. Block: A group of four or more unseparated stamps, which form a square or rectangle Blunt perforation (Blunt perf): A stamp with a perforation which is shorter than would usually be expected Booklet: A small book which contains stamps in 'panes' Booklet Panes: A small leaf or page of stamps which is sold in a booklet format Cachet: A commemorative marking, illustration or description on an envelope which explains the commemorative purpose when it was mailed and is usually applied by a rubber stamp Cancellation: An authorised mark applied to a stamp to prevent its reuse by defacing it surface Centring: The position of the design on a stamp within its perforations. For example: On a perfectly centred stamp, the design ‘well-centred’ when exactly in the middle Chalky paper: Stamp paper is coated with a chalky solution for security purposes to prevent the attempted removal of the postmark, which would damage the stamp's surface Charity stamp: A stamp which was issued with a premium or surcharge for charitable purposes Circular date stamp (CDS): A circular cancellation mark which often has the date and place name or location within it Classic: One of the earliest stamp issues from a country, usually up to about 1900 Coil join: A tab which unites two sections from a roll of stamps Coil Stamps: Stamps which were produced in rolls for use in vending machines and can often be identified by a pair of straight edges on opposite sides Comb perforation: When the perforation pins have been arranged in a comb pattern to perforate three sides of a stamp in one stroke Commemorative stamp: A stamp issued to mark a person, special event or anniversary - which is usually only on sale for a limited period of time Commemorative Sheet: A sheet of stamps with a commemorative inscription to mark an event or anniversary Cover: An envelope, postcard, letter-sheet or any other wrapper which has been used to send correspondence by mail Cut Square: The cut corner of an envelope or postcard bearing the imprinted stamp with ample margins Cylinder number: Letters and numerals displayed in sheet margins which can identify printing cylinders. They are normally collected in a ‘cylinder block’ of six stamps Defective Mint (DEFM): A stamp which has heavy creasing, thins or missing perforations, but would otherwise be classed as in a 'mint' state Defective Used (DU): When a stamp is in 'used' condition but it also has noticeable defects, such as small tears, creases, clipped perforations or thins Definitive: A stamp issued for ordinary postal use which remains on sale for an extended period Denomination: The monetary value printed on a stamp Die: A small, flat piece of soft steel which is used to print stamps by using an engraving plate to impress the design onto the paper Disturbed gum (DG): When the gum of a stamp has been damaged in some way Doctor blade: A steel blade used to remove surplus ink from a printing cylinder in the press Duck Stamp: Issued annually since 1934, these US duck hunting permits help to finance the federal waterfowl program Embossed Envelope: An envelope which bears a postage stamp with a raised surface design printed on the actual envelope Embossing: A form of printing in relief Error: Highly-collectible stamps because a mistake in stamp design, printing or production has occured during their design or manufacture Essay: A trial stamp design which sometimes differed from the actual issued stamps Extremely Fine (XF): A stamp where the design is well centred with the margins on all sides almost perfect, wider than usual and clear from any perforations. For used stamps, the cancellations are light and tidy. For unused or mint stamps, the original gum is present Face Scrape: Where part of the stamp's front side has been scraped away to leave a spot in the overall stamp design Face value: The denomination or value of a stamp, which is expressed on its face Fine (F): A stamp design with unbalanced margins (top or bottom), but is not cut in any way by the perforations Fine to very fine (F-VF): The stamp design is slightly off-centred (horizontally or vertically) but is clear from perforations - making it attractive, but widely collected because it does not come with an unaffordable price Fine Used (FU): Stamps which are lightly cancelled and have a circular date stamp First Day Cover (FDC): An envelope or card which has been postmarked and used on the first day of issue. First Flight Cover: An envelope or postcard which was carried on the inaugural mail flight between two destinations Flaw: When a printing fault causes a fortuitous blemish on a stamp Forgery: A fraudulent copy of a genuine stamp, overprint or postmark - usually done to deceive collectors Frama stamps: Also known as Machine Labels, these stamps are produced by a micro-processor machine after coins of the required value have been entered Gem: A term which can be used by anyone because it has no definite meaning - although it is mostly used to describe an extra high-quality stamp with fine centring, boardwalk margins and no faults or other special features. Graphite lines: GB definitives, from 1957 to 1959, had black vertical lines printed on the back of them so they could be used by automatic letter-sorting equipment. Greetings stamp: A stamp intended for use on a birthday card or other mail specifically for a special greeting Grill: This series of small dots is embossed on a stamp to allow ink from the postmark to sink in and prevent the stamp being cleaned and reused Gum: The coating of adhesive glue on the back of an unused stamp. Gum bend, Gum crease or Gum wrinkle: A natural occurrence in flat-plate printed stamps where the paper has shrunk and the gum did not shrink at the same rate, causing the stamp to wrinkle. This will not lower a stamp's value unless it is severe. Gum skip: A portion of the stamp has been left without gum because it was not spread completely over the stamp during its manufacture. Gutter: The blank margins of narrow space dividing a sheet of stamps into panes and permitting perforation Handstamp: A postmark or overprint which has been applied by hand Heavily hinged (HH): When the gum has been hinged and the mark which has been left is very large or prominent Hinge Remnant (HR): The gum has had a hinge applied to it and a portion of it was so difficult to remove that it was left attached to the stamp Hinged (H): The gum surface has had a hinge applied to it Hinges: A small gummed strip which is used to fix stamps to the pages of an album Imperforate (Imperf): Stamps which have been deliberately printed and issued without perforations, so that they bear straight edges on all four sides Imprint: When the name of the printer or issuing authority is inscribed on the stamps or in the sheet margins Imprinted stamps: Stamps which have been printed directly on to postal items such as postcards or envelopes Inclusion: When a foreign piece of material has been pressed into the paper during manufacturing to create a spot that can be seen on the front, back or in the middle of a stamp Invert: A stamp with one part of its design printed upside down in relation to the rest of the stamp. Jubilee Line: The coloured line found in the sheet margin of certain Q.V. and K.E.VII British stamps Jumbo or Boardwalk Margins: A stamp where the border between the edge of the design and its perforations is larger or smaller than that of other stamps in the same sheet. If this space is large, the stamp is usually referred to as a 'jumbo' and is more attractive and desirable. Key type (U): A uniform design used by many colonial countries, where a standard key, head or plate was used with different duty plates to bear the country's name and the stamp's value Lightly hinged (LH): The gum has had a hinge applied but the mark which has been left is very small or light Line perforation (P): When a sheet of stamps is seperated by a single line or row of holes Local: A stamp with geographical limits of where it can be used to post items Machin: A common name given to GB definitives, first issued in 1967, which had the Queen’s head designed by Arnold Machin Machine label: More popularly known as Frama stamps, these are stamps produced by a micro-processor machine after coins of the required value have been entered Maltese Cross: The cross-shaped cancellation which was used on the first British stamps Margin: The unprinted edging which surrounds or divides a sheet of stamps. Maximum card: A picture postcard often with a stamp and cancellation which is relevant to the actual picture on the card Miniature sheet: A small sheet of one or several stamps which are usually decorative Mint: A stamp in its original and unused pristine condition which was never cancelled and bears its full or original gum Mint Never Hinged (MNH): A stamp, as issued by the Post Office, with full original gum and which has not been previously hinged Mint Sheet: An entire sheet of stamps in their original unused condition as issued by the Post Office Mounted Mint (MM): In the state as it was issued by the Post Office, including good gum and fully complete perforations, but with hinge marks on the back Mulready: Envelopes and letter sheets issued by Great Britain during 1840 which had a pictorial motif designed by William Mulready Never hinged (NH): A stamp that has never had a hinge applied to it with full original gum and no marks of any kind - sometimes known as an unhinged New Printings: When additional supplies of current stamps are reprinted No gum (NG): An unused stamp without gum Non Value Indicator (NVI): A stamp with no monetary value on it, but with its postage class (1st, 2nd) shown instead Obsolete: A stamp which is no longer sold by the Post Office even though it may still be valid for use on post Official Stamp: A stamp which was valid only for use by a government agency Overprint: Printing added to a stamp after production to indicate a change in value or function, or to commemorate an event. Pair: Two unseparated stamps which are joined either vertically or horizontally as originally issued Pane: A formation or group of stamps within a sheet Perforation Gauge: A device which is used to gauge the number of perforations on a stamp in two centimetres Perforations: The holes which are punched between stamps on a sheet to make them easy to separate Personalised stamp: A stamp bearing an image taken from a personal photograph, but with an attached non-postal label Philately: The technical name for stamp collecting Phosphor stamps: Stamps which have been overprinted or coated with phosphorescent materials so they can be recognised by automatic letter sorting machinery Pictorial: Any stamp which features a decorative image, rather than the usual symbolic designs such as a portrait or coat of arms Plate Block: When four or more attached stamps are still fastened to the margin which has the number of the printing plate clearly inscribed Plate number: This is when the letters and numerals in a sheet margin identify the printing plate Postal Stationery: Postcards, envelopes, cards or any other covers which bear imprinted or impressed stamps on them Postmark: Any markings on a postal item, such as a cancellation, which records the date and/or origin of its connection with the postal service and its transit through the mail system Precancel: A stamp which was intended for use by a bulk poster and supplied with a pre-printed cancellation by the post office Presentation pack: A stamp collecting souvenir which contains a set of stamps and some descriptive text about the issue Prestige booklet: A booklet of stamps devoted to one subject or event which contains special panes of stamps accompanied by descriptive text alongside them Proof: A trial impression stamp which has been taken from an original die or printing plate Provisional: A stamp issued for temporary use often overprinted or surcharged Pulled perf - Pulled perforation (PP): A stamp where the perforation tip is missing completely Regional: A collectors' term for issues by Royal Mail for use in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. Seperate issues were also made for Guernsey and Jersey to 1969 and until 1973 for the Isle of Man. Re-gummed (RG): A stamp which has had new gum applied in place of the original. Remainders: Stamps which remain in official stocks even after becoming obsolete Re-perforated (RP or Reperf): When alterations have been made to a stamp to add perforations to one or more edges. This is often done for dishonest reasons, such as to improve the worth of a lower-value stamp Reprints: Stamps which are printed from original plates after being withdrawn Revenue Stamp: Any stamp which indicates the payment of a fee or tax Roulette: When slits or cuts have been used between stamps to seperate them instead of perforations Seahorse: The high value definitive stamps associated with King George V Self-Adhesive: A gummed stamp with a pressure-sensitive adhesive that does not need moistening to fix it to the postal item Selvege: More often known as the margin, this is the unprinted paper around a pane of stamps Semi-Postal: A stamp where all or part of the money generated by its sale is donated to charity Se-Tenant: When adjoining stamps differ from each other in some aspect, such as their design or denomination Short Perforation (SP or Short Perf): When a portion of the perforation tip is still present, but is not as long as it should be Socked on the Nose (SON): This means that the stamp has a CDS and it is applied very close to dead centre on the stamp. Spacefiller: A heavily defective stamp with considerable faults which sells for a greatly reduced price Specimen: A sample stamp which has the words ‘specimen’ perforated or overprinted on it Straight edge (SE): A philatelic term for when one or more edges of a stamp do not have perforations. Not to be confused with a coil stamp (always has two edges without perforations), a booklet stamp (can have one, two or three edges without perforations) or an imperforate stamp (which has no perforations). Strip: Three or more stamps which are joined together in a row Superb (S): A nearly perfectly-centred stamp with a design that is perfect in all aspects. These are usually scarce and worth more in value Surcharge: When an overprint has been used to alter or change a stamp's established face value Tab: The illustrated or descriptive label which is attached to a stamp Tête-bêche: A stamp which is inverted in relation to the adjoining stamp in a pair Thin: A 'thin' stamp gets its name from having an area where some of the paper is thinner than the remainder of the stamp. Tongs: The American philatelic term for metal tweezers which are used to handle stamps safely and easily Topicals: A group of stamps which are all of the same theme, such as trains Traffic lights: The term used by collectors for the coloured check dots found in sheet margins Unmounted Mint (UM): A stamp in its original unused condition, as issued by the Post Office, with good gum that has never been hinged and complete perforations. Also known as unused never hinged Unused (*): A stamp with no cancellation or any other sign of use, usually without gum Unused never hinged (**): Also known as an 'Unmounted Mint', this is a stamp in its original unused condition that has not been hinged Used (O): A stamp that has been used postally and appropriately postmarked Used abroad: Stamps from one country which has been used and postmarked in another country Used on piece: A stamp which has been kept on part of the original cover to completely preserve its postmark Variety: When a stamp differs in some detail from its 'normal' issue Very fine (VF): Well centred with full perforations and light cancellation if used Very Fine Used (VFU): A very fine stamp which is undamaged, almost perfectly centred and bears a light postmark Vignette: The central portion of a stamp's design which has been printed separately within the frame Watermark: The distinctive design or pattern formed in paper by 'thinning' it during the manufacturing process to protect against forgery and act as a valuable security precaution. Watermark Detection: A method where collectors place a stamp in a tray filled with special fluid to safely determine the existence of a watermark Wilding: The popular name issued to British definitive stamps, which were first issued in 1952, featuring the Queen’s head and taken from a photographic portrait by Dorothy Wilding Wing margin: When a wide margin occurs on one side of a stamp because of the central perforation of the sheet gutter margin Back to Guides

Strip: Three or more stamps which are joined together in a row Superb (S): A nearly perfectly-centred stamp with a design that is perfect in all aspects. These are usually scarce and worth more in value Surcharge: When an overprint has been used to alter or change a stamp's established face value Tab: The illustrated or descriptive label which is attached to a stamp Tête-bêche: A stamp which is inverted in relation to the adjoining stamp in a pair Thin: A 'thin' stamp gets its name from having an area where some of the paper is thinner than the remainder of the stamp. Tongs: The American philatelic term for metal tweezers which are used to handle stamps safely and easily Topicals: A group of stamps which are all of the same theme, such as trains Traffic lights: The term used by collectors for the coloured check dots found in sheet margins Unmounted Mint (UM): A stamp in its original unused condition, as issued by the Post Office, with good gum that has never been hinged and complete perforations. Also known as unused never hinged Unused (*): A stamp with no cancellation or any other sign of use, usually without gum Unused never hinged (**): Also known as an 'Unmounted Mint', this is a stamp in its original unused condition that has not been hinged Used (O): A stamp that has been used postally and appropriately postmarked Used abroad: Stamps from one country which has been used and postmarked in another country Used on piece: A stamp which has been kept on part of the original cover to completely preserve its postmark Variety: When a stamp differs in some detail from its 'normal' issue Very fine (VF): Well centred with full perforations and light cancellation if used Very Fine Used (VFU): A very fine stamp which is undamaged, almost perfectly centred and bears a light postmark Vignette: The central portion of a stamp's design which has been printed separately within the frame Watermark: The distinctive design or pattern formed in paper by 'thinning' it during the manufacturing process to protect against forgery and act as a valuable security precaution. Watermark Detection: A method where collectors place a stamp in a tray filled with special fluid to safely determine the existence of a watermark Wilding: The popular name issued to British definitive stamps, which were first issued in 1952, featuring the Queen’s head and taken from a photographic portrait by Dorothy Wilding Wing margin: When a wide margin occurs on one side of a stamp because of the central perforation of the sheet gutter margin

Cachet: A commemorative marking, illustration or description on an envelope which explains the commemorative purpose when it was mailed and is usually applied by a rubber stamp

This guide to stamp collecting abbreviations has been compiled for those who may need a bit more clarity to fully understand the various classifications and philatelic terms.

Grill: This series of small dots is embossed on a stamp to allow ink from the postmark to sink in and prevent the stamp being cleaned and reused

Modernbarlighting ideas

Mint Never Hinged (MNH): A stamp, as issued by the Post Office, with full original gum and which has not been previously hinged

Precancel: A stamp which was intended for use by a bulk poster and supplied with a pre-printed cancellation by the post office

Regional: A collectors' term for issues by Royal Mail for use in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. Seperate issues were also made for Guernsey and Jersey to 1969 and until 1973 for the Isle of Man.

Pictorial: Any stamp which features a decorative image, rather than the usual symbolic designs such as a portrait or coat of arms

Inclusion: When a foreign piece of material has been pressed into the paper during manufacturing to create a spot that can be seen on the front, back or in the middle of a stamp

Key type (U): A uniform design used by many colonial countries, where a standard key, head or plate was used with different duty plates to bear the country's name and the stamp's value

20191019 — Answer: If the frequency increases, then the wavelength will be shorter, because there are more waves closer together.

Frama stamps: Also known as Machine Labels, these stamps are produced by a micro-processor machine after coins of the required value have been entered

Our High Intensity Bright Field Ring Light can be customized to your specifications and is offered in a wide array of wavelengths. Contact us to learn more.

Die: A small, flat piece of soft steel which is used to print stamps by using an engraving plate to impress the design onto the paper

Error: Highly-collectible stamps because a mistake in stamp design, printing or production has occured during their design or manufacture

Geometric optics ; r = curvature radius of mirror ; Spherical mirror equation. 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 = 1 f = 2 r {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{x_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{x_{2}}}={\ ...

LED Lightsforbarshelves

Booklet: A small book which contains stamps in 'panes' Booklet Panes: A small leaf or page of stamps which is sold in a booklet format Cachet: A commemorative marking, illustration or description on an envelope which explains the commemorative purpose when it was mailed and is usually applied by a rubber stamp Cancellation: An authorised mark applied to a stamp to prevent its reuse by defacing it surface Centring: The position of the design on a stamp within its perforations. For example: On a perfectly centred stamp, the design ‘well-centred’ when exactly in the middle Chalky paper: Stamp paper is coated with a chalky solution for security purposes to prevent the attempted removal of the postmark, which would damage the stamp's surface Charity stamp: A stamp which was issued with a premium or surcharge for charitable purposes Circular date stamp (CDS): A circular cancellation mark which often has the date and place name or location within it Classic: One of the earliest stamp issues from a country, usually up to about 1900 Coil join: A tab which unites two sections from a roll of stamps Coil Stamps: Stamps which were produced in rolls for use in vending machines and can often be identified by a pair of straight edges on opposite sides Comb perforation: When the perforation pins have been arranged in a comb pattern to perforate three sides of a stamp in one stroke Commemorative stamp: A stamp issued to mark a person, special event or anniversary - which is usually only on sale for a limited period of time Commemorative Sheet: A sheet of stamps with a commemorative inscription to mark an event or anniversary Cover: An envelope, postcard, letter-sheet or any other wrapper which has been used to send correspondence by mail Cut Square: The cut corner of an envelope or postcard bearing the imprinted stamp with ample margins Cylinder number: Letters and numerals displayed in sheet margins which can identify printing cylinders. They are normally collected in a ‘cylinder block’ of six stamps Defective Mint (DEFM): A stamp which has heavy creasing, thins or missing perforations, but would otherwise be classed as in a 'mint' state Defective Used (DU): When a stamp is in 'used' condition but it also has noticeable defects, such as small tears, creases, clipped perforations or thins Definitive: A stamp issued for ordinary postal use which remains on sale for an extended period Denomination: The monetary value printed on a stamp Die: A small, flat piece of soft steel which is used to print stamps by using an engraving plate to impress the design onto the paper Disturbed gum (DG): When the gum of a stamp has been damaged in some way Doctor blade: A steel blade used to remove surplus ink from a printing cylinder in the press Duck Stamp: Issued annually since 1934, these US duck hunting permits help to finance the federal waterfowl program Embossed Envelope: An envelope which bears a postage stamp with a raised surface design printed on the actual envelope Embossing: A form of printing in relief Error: Highly-collectible stamps because a mistake in stamp design, printing or production has occured during their design or manufacture Essay: A trial stamp design which sometimes differed from the actual issued stamps Extremely Fine (XF): A stamp where the design is well centred with the margins on all sides almost perfect, wider than usual and clear from any perforations. For used stamps, the cancellations are light and tidy. For unused or mint stamps, the original gum is present Face Scrape: Where part of the stamp's front side has been scraped away to leave a spot in the overall stamp design Face value: The denomination or value of a stamp, which is expressed on its face Fine (F): A stamp design with unbalanced margins (top or bottom), but is not cut in any way by the perforations Fine to very fine (F-VF): The stamp design is slightly off-centred (horizontally or vertically) but is clear from perforations - making it attractive, but widely collected because it does not come with an unaffordable price Fine Used (FU): Stamps which are lightly cancelled and have a circular date stamp First Day Cover (FDC): An envelope or card which has been postmarked and used on the first day of issue. First Flight Cover: An envelope or postcard which was carried on the inaugural mail flight between two destinations Flaw: When a printing fault causes a fortuitous blemish on a stamp Forgery: A fraudulent copy of a genuine stamp, overprint or postmark - usually done to deceive collectors Frama stamps: Also known as Machine Labels, these stamps are produced by a micro-processor machine after coins of the required value have been entered Gem: A term which can be used by anyone because it has no definite meaning - although it is mostly used to describe an extra high-quality stamp with fine centring, boardwalk margins and no faults or other special features. Graphite lines: GB definitives, from 1957 to 1959, had black vertical lines printed on the back of them so they could be used by automatic letter-sorting equipment. Greetings stamp: A stamp intended for use on a birthday card or other mail specifically for a special greeting Grill: This series of small dots is embossed on a stamp to allow ink from the postmark to sink in and prevent the stamp being cleaned and reused Gum: The coating of adhesive glue on the back of an unused stamp. Gum bend, Gum crease or Gum wrinkle: A natural occurrence in flat-plate printed stamps where the paper has shrunk and the gum did not shrink at the same rate, causing the stamp to wrinkle. This will not lower a stamp's value unless it is severe. Gum skip: A portion of the stamp has been left without gum because it was not spread completely over the stamp during its manufacture. Gutter: The blank margins of narrow space dividing a sheet of stamps into panes and permitting perforation Handstamp: A postmark or overprint which has been applied by hand Heavily hinged (HH): When the gum has been hinged and the mark which has been left is very large or prominent Hinge Remnant (HR): The gum has had a hinge applied to it and a portion of it was so difficult to remove that it was left attached to the stamp Hinged (H): The gum surface has had a hinge applied to it Hinges: A small gummed strip which is used to fix stamps to the pages of an album Imperforate (Imperf): Stamps which have been deliberately printed and issued without perforations, so that they bear straight edges on all four sides Imprint: When the name of the printer or issuing authority is inscribed on the stamps or in the sheet margins Imprinted stamps: Stamps which have been printed directly on to postal items such as postcards or envelopes Inclusion: When a foreign piece of material has been pressed into the paper during manufacturing to create a spot that can be seen on the front, back or in the middle of a stamp Invert: A stamp with one part of its design printed upside down in relation to the rest of the stamp. Jubilee Line: The coloured line found in the sheet margin of certain Q.V. and K.E.VII British stamps Jumbo or Boardwalk Margins: A stamp where the border between the edge of the design and its perforations is larger or smaller than that of other stamps in the same sheet. If this space is large, the stamp is usually referred to as a 'jumbo' and is more attractive and desirable. Key type (U): A uniform design used by many colonial countries, where a standard key, head or plate was used with different duty plates to bear the country's name and the stamp's value Lightly hinged (LH): The gum has had a hinge applied but the mark which has been left is very small or light Line perforation (P): When a sheet of stamps is seperated by a single line or row of holes Local: A stamp with geographical limits of where it can be used to post items Machin: A common name given to GB definitives, first issued in 1967, which had the Queen’s head designed by Arnold Machin Machine label: More popularly known as Frama stamps, these are stamps produced by a micro-processor machine after coins of the required value have been entered Maltese Cross: The cross-shaped cancellation which was used on the first British stamps Margin: The unprinted edging which surrounds or divides a sheet of stamps. Maximum card: A picture postcard often with a stamp and cancellation which is relevant to the actual picture on the card Miniature sheet: A small sheet of one or several stamps which are usually decorative Mint: A stamp in its original and unused pristine condition which was never cancelled and bears its full or original gum Mint Never Hinged (MNH): A stamp, as issued by the Post Office, with full original gum and which has not been previously hinged Mint Sheet: An entire sheet of stamps in their original unused condition as issued by the Post Office Mounted Mint (MM): In the state as it was issued by the Post Office, including good gum and fully complete perforations, but with hinge marks on the back Mulready: Envelopes and letter sheets issued by Great Britain during 1840 which had a pictorial motif designed by William Mulready Never hinged (NH): A stamp that has never had a hinge applied to it with full original gum and no marks of any kind - sometimes known as an unhinged New Printings: When additional supplies of current stamps are reprinted No gum (NG): An unused stamp without gum Non Value Indicator (NVI): A stamp with no monetary value on it, but with its postage class (1st, 2nd) shown instead Obsolete: A stamp which is no longer sold by the Post Office even though it may still be valid for use on post Official Stamp: A stamp which was valid only for use by a government agency Overprint: Printing added to a stamp after production to indicate a change in value or function, or to commemorate an event. Pair: Two unseparated stamps which are joined either vertically or horizontally as originally issued Pane: A formation or group of stamps within a sheet Perforation Gauge: A device which is used to gauge the number of perforations on a stamp in two centimetres Perforations: The holes which are punched between stamps on a sheet to make them easy to separate Personalised stamp: A stamp bearing an image taken from a personal photograph, but with an attached non-postal label Philately: The technical name for stamp collecting Phosphor stamps: Stamps which have been overprinted or coated with phosphorescent materials so they can be recognised by automatic letter sorting machinery Pictorial: Any stamp which features a decorative image, rather than the usual symbolic designs such as a portrait or coat of arms Plate Block: When four or more attached stamps are still fastened to the margin which has the number of the printing plate clearly inscribed Plate number: This is when the letters and numerals in a sheet margin identify the printing plate Postal Stationery: Postcards, envelopes, cards or any other covers which bear imprinted or impressed stamps on them Postmark: Any markings on a postal item, such as a cancellation, which records the date and/or origin of its connection with the postal service and its transit through the mail system Precancel: A stamp which was intended for use by a bulk poster and supplied with a pre-printed cancellation by the post office Presentation pack: A stamp collecting souvenir which contains a set of stamps and some descriptive text about the issue Prestige booklet: A booklet of stamps devoted to one subject or event which contains special panes of stamps accompanied by descriptive text alongside them Proof: A trial impression stamp which has been taken from an original die or printing plate Provisional: A stamp issued for temporary use often overprinted or surcharged Pulled perf - Pulled perforation (PP): A stamp where the perforation tip is missing completely Regional: A collectors' term for issues by Royal Mail for use in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. Seperate issues were also made for Guernsey and Jersey to 1969 and until 1973 for the Isle of Man. Re-gummed (RG): A stamp which has had new gum applied in place of the original. Remainders: Stamps which remain in official stocks even after becoming obsolete Re-perforated (RP or Reperf): When alterations have been made to a stamp to add perforations to one or more edges. This is often done for dishonest reasons, such as to improve the worth of a lower-value stamp Reprints: Stamps which are printed from original plates after being withdrawn Revenue Stamp: Any stamp which indicates the payment of a fee or tax Roulette: When slits or cuts have been used between stamps to seperate them instead of perforations Seahorse: The high value definitive stamps associated with King George V Self-Adhesive: A gummed stamp with a pressure-sensitive adhesive that does not need moistening to fix it to the postal item Selvege: More often known as the margin, this is the unprinted paper around a pane of stamps Semi-Postal: A stamp where all or part of the money generated by its sale is donated to charity Se-Tenant: When adjoining stamps differ from each other in some aspect, such as their design or denomination Short Perforation (SP or Short Perf): When a portion of the perforation tip is still present, but is not as long as it should be Socked on the Nose (SON): This means that the stamp has a CDS and it is applied very close to dead centre on the stamp. Spacefiller: A heavily defective stamp with considerable faults which sells for a greatly reduced price Specimen: A sample stamp which has the words ‘specimen’ perforated or overprinted on it Straight edge (SE): A philatelic term for when one or more edges of a stamp do not have perforations. Not to be confused with a coil stamp (always has two edges without perforations), a booklet stamp (can have one, two or three edges without perforations) or an imperforate stamp (which has no perforations). Strip: Three or more stamps which are joined together in a row Superb (S): A nearly perfectly-centred stamp with a design that is perfect in all aspects. These are usually scarce and worth more in value Surcharge: When an overprint has been used to alter or change a stamp's established face value Tab: The illustrated or descriptive label which is attached to a stamp Tête-bêche: A stamp which is inverted in relation to the adjoining stamp in a pair Thin: A 'thin' stamp gets its name from having an area where some of the paper is thinner than the remainder of the stamp. Tongs: The American philatelic term for metal tweezers which are used to handle stamps safely and easily Topicals: A group of stamps which are all of the same theme, such as trains Traffic lights: The term used by collectors for the coloured check dots found in sheet margins Unmounted Mint (UM): A stamp in its original unused condition, as issued by the Post Office, with good gum that has never been hinged and complete perforations. Also known as unused never hinged Unused (*): A stamp with no cancellation or any other sign of use, usually without gum Unused never hinged (**): Also known as an 'Unmounted Mint', this is a stamp in its original unused condition that has not been hinged Used (O): A stamp that has been used postally and appropriately postmarked Used abroad: Stamps from one country which has been used and postmarked in another country Used on piece: A stamp which has been kept on part of the original cover to completely preserve its postmark Variety: When a stamp differs in some detail from its 'normal' issue Very fine (VF): Well centred with full perforations and light cancellation if used Very Fine Used (VFU): A very fine stamp which is undamaged, almost perfectly centred and bears a light postmark Vignette: The central portion of a stamp's design which has been printed separately within the frame Watermark: The distinctive design or pattern formed in paper by 'thinning' it during the manufacturing process to protect against forgery and act as a valuable security precaution. Watermark Detection: A method where collectors place a stamp in a tray filled with special fluid to safely determine the existence of a watermark Wilding: The popular name issued to British definitive stamps, which were first issued in 1952, featuring the Queen’s head and taken from a photographic portrait by Dorothy Wilding Wing margin: When a wide margin occurs on one side of a stamp because of the central perforation of the sheet gutter margin Back to Guides

Professor Shinya Yamanaka (born 1962, Japan) In a series of amazing experiments, conducted in 2006, while working at Kyoto University in Japan, Prof. Yamanaka ...

Short Perforation (SP or Short Perf): When a portion of the perforation tip is still present, but is not as long as it should be

Mounted Mint (MM): In the state as it was issued by the Post Office, including good gum and fully complete perforations, but with hinge marks on the back

Gum bend, Gum crease or Gum wrinkle: A natural occurrence in flat-plate printed stamps where the paper has shrunk and the gum did not shrink at the same rate, causing the stamp to wrinkle. This will not lower a stamp's value unless it is severe.

Straight edge (SE): A philatelic term for when one or more edges of a stamp do not have perforations. Not to be confused with a coil stamp (always has two edges without perforations), a booklet stamp (can have one, two or three edges without perforations) or an imperforate stamp (which has no perforations).

Plan your visit to Cascata del Fascio in Province of Avellino and save! Discover the best ticket deals, check opening hours, & reviews, and explore real ...

Our offices are open Monday – Friday 9-5pm. For a free stamp valuation why not bring your collection direct to our experts. Free coin and medal valuations and free toy valuations are also available. Selling postcards and cigarette cards? We will value your collection free of charge.

Coil Stamps: Stamps which were produced in rolls for use in vending machines and can often be identified by a pair of straight edges on opposite sides

Stamp collecting is a rewarding hobby for all ages. However, it can be quite challenging if you don’t know the meaning of the stamp terminology that’s widely used by collectors and dealers.

Maximum card: A picture postcard often with a stamp and cancellation which is relevant to the actual picture on the card

Approvals: When a collector is offered a wide range of stamps to examine and choose from ahead of a purchase, but it must be bought or returned to the dealer in a specified period of time

Never hinged (NH): A stamp that has never had a hinge applied to it with full original gum and no marks of any kind - sometimes known as an unhinged

AVG - Average (AVG): A stamp is average if the design is cut into by the perforations in any way, if the outside margin shows on the perforation teeth or if heavy cancellation marks are present

Postmark: Any markings on a postal item, such as a cancellation, which records the date and/or origin of its connection with the postal service and its transit through the mail system

Extremely Fine (XF): A stamp where the design is well centred with the margins on all sides almost perfect, wider than usual and clear from any perforations. For used stamps, the cancellations are light and tidy. For unused or mint stamps, the original gum is present

Overprint: Printing added to a stamp after production to indicate a change in value or function, or to commemorate an event.

SPS - Smart Production Solutions, organized by Mesago Messe Frankfurt, is a renowned global trade event for the automation industry.

Plate Block: When four or more attached stamps are still fastened to the margin which has the number of the printing plate clearly inscribed

Underbarlighting ideas

Mulready: Envelopes and letter sheets issued by Great Britain during 1840 which had a pictorial motif designed by William Mulready

Machin: A common name given to GB definitives, first issued in 1967, which had the Queen’s head designed by Arnold Machin

Re-perforated (RP or Reperf): When alterations have been made to a stamp to add perforations to one or more edges. This is often done for dishonest reasons, such as to improve the worth of a lower-value stamp

Watermark Detection: A method where collectors place a stamp in a tray filled with special fluid to safely determine the existence of a watermark

*The SR-Series 40 Inch Broad-spot is the perfect budget solution for roofracks or UTVS. Does not include a backlight function.

Gum skip: A portion of the stamp has been left without gum because it was not spread completely over the stamp during its manufacture.

Watermark: The distinctive design or pattern formed in paper by 'thinning' it during the manufacturing process to protect against forgery and act as a valuable security precaution.

Machine label: More popularly known as Frama stamps, these are stamps produced by a micro-processor machine after coins of the required value have been entered

Wilding: The popular name issued to British definitive stamps, which were first issued in 1952, featuring the Queen’s head and taken from a photographic portrait by Dorothy Wilding

Defective Used (DU): When a stamp is in 'used' condition but it also has noticeable defects, such as small tears, creases, clipped perforations or thins

Bar lightshanging

Wing margin: When a wide margin occurs on one side of a stamp because of the central perforation of the sheet gutter margin

Prestige booklet: A booklet of stamps devoted to one subject or event which contains special panes of stamps accompanied by descriptive text alongside them

This paper deals with the CPM unstable resonator Nd: YAG laser that uses the property of combination of antiresonant ring (ARR) structure and general ...

Commemorative stamp: A stamp issued to mark a person, special event or anniversary - which is usually only on sale for a limited period of time

Blind perforation (Blind perf): A perforation which has not been fully punched out and has left some paper where the perforation holes should be.

Give our experts a call on 01926 499031 to discuss your collection today or why not send us an email info@warwickandwarwick.com.

Homebar Lights LED

Chalky paper: Stamp paper is coated with a chalky solution for security purposes to prevent the attempted removal of the postmark, which would damage the stamp's surface

Jumbo or Boardwalk Margins: A stamp where the border between the edge of the design and its perforations is larger or smaller than that of other stamps in the same sheet. If this space is large, the stamp is usually referred to as a 'jumbo' and is more attractive and desirable.

Centring: The position of the design on a stamp within its perforations. For example: On a perfectly centred stamp, the design ‘well-centred’ when exactly in the middle

Average Mounted Mint (AVMM): As issued by the Post Office, with good gum and fully complete perforations, with hinge marks on the rear and other visible faults

Hinge Remnant (HR): The gum has had a hinge applied to it and a portion of it was so difficult to remove that it was left attached to the stamp