FoV interacts with other sensory feedback (like audio, haptics) to create a cohesive experience. The synchronization of the visual field with other sensory inputs is crucial for maintaining immersion and reducing disorientation or motion sickness.

Direct manipulation: Use natural interactions—for example, simple hand gestures like pressing a button, rotating, or grabbing an object. Use eye tracking or triggers based on the user's proximity. AR is not a suitable medium to flip through menus in, so make interactions as simple and intuitive as possible.

In the 18th century, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote about optical spectra in his Theory of Colours. Goethe used the word spectrum (Spektrum) to designate a ghostly optical afterimage, as did Schopenhauer in On Vision and Colors. Goethe argued that the continuous spectrum was a compound phenomenon. Where Newton narrowed the beam of light to isolate the phenomenon, Goethe observed that a wider aperture produces not a spectrum but rather reddish-yellow and blue-cyan edges with white between them. The spectrum appears only when these edges are close enough to overlap.

Despite unlimited screen size in AR/VR, designers must recognize human physical limits to deliver a smooth experience.. For an optimal user experience, it’s important to position content within a comfortable visual range to avoid excessive head-turning. This approach minimizes fatigue and ensures users don’t miss key animations or audio cues. For activities like conversations with virtual characters or watching extended animations, keep the content within a natural range of motion.

Immersion: In VR, a wider FoV makes the virtual world feel more encompassing and realistic, as it fills more of the user’s natural field of vision. This can make users feel like they are truly “inside” the virtual world. On the other hand, a limited FoV can lead to a “tunnel vision” effect, where the user is constantly reminded that they are looking through a device.

Expect interruptions: AR is highly interruptible. Don't make experiences with uninterruptible content like long videos or animations, especially if they cannot be paused. Allow the user to drop in and out of the experience quickly. It’s very similar to how mobile apps work.

Under ideal laboratory conditions, subjects may perceive infrared light up to at least 1,064 nm.[25] While 1,050 nm NIR light can evoke red, suggesting direct absorption by the L-opsin, there are also reports that pulsed NIR lasers can evoke green, which suggests two-photon absorption may be enabling extended NIR sensitivity.[25]

Spatial Cognition: A broader FoV helps improve spatial awareness in VR. Users can navigate more naturally and interact more effectively with the environment. In AR, a narrower FoV might mean that users won’t see as much augmented content without turning their head.

Colors that can be produced by visible light of a narrow band of wavelengths (monochromatic light) are called pure spectral colors. The various color ranges indicated in the illustration are an approximation: The spectrum is continuous, with no clear boundaries between one color and the next.[10]

Minimize Fatigue: For prolonged use, design experiences that minimize the need for constant head movement, which can be tiring or uncomfortable.

Field of View (FoV) in extended reality (XR) refers to the extent of the observable, virtual or augmented world that is visible through a headset or device at a given moment. FoV is like the visible area you can see through a pair of binoculars.

User Interface and Interaction Design: The FoV influences how content and interfaces are designed. In a narrow FoV, important elements must be centrally located, whereas a wider FoV allows for a more spread-out arrangement of elements.

In lesson 1, you’ll immerse yourself in the origins and future potential of VR and you’ll learn how the core principles of UX design apply to VR.

Guidance and Onboarding: Provide clear guidance and onboarding for users to understand how to navigate and interact within the given FoV.

An optimal FoV ensures a successful XR experience. The optimal FoV depends on what medium or device a user will experience the product. Here are key strategies and considerations to achieve a user-friendly and immersive experience.

A wider FoV can enhance spatial perception in virtual environments—it makes the experience more immersive and realistic by aligning more closely with human vision.

Some high-end VR/AR headsets offer adjustable FoV to cater to different user preferences and applications. However, this feature is not universally available across all devices.

Avoid abrupt movements and be mindful of people's reflexive reactions. For example, users will react to objects that fly toward their faces. If you need to bring content to or from the user, move it slowly and smoothly toward them for the most comfort.

Work with Developers and Engineers: Collaborate closely with technical teams to understand the limitations and possibilities of the hardware, and to implement designs effectively.

Remember that every human body is different, so give the user tools to adjust their field of view if they have neck pain or other conditions. Above all, you want to ensure the user has everything they need to be comfortable with your product.

Allows for content and ad personalization across Google services based on user behavior. This consent enhances user experiences.

Lightforvisualartists PDF Reddit

Users will be more comfortable if they aren't constantly forced to swivel their heads. This is true in all Extended Reality (XR) platforms. Place important content in front of them. The ideal horizontal placement for content is within 30 degrees off-center on either side. More than 30 degrees from the center is strenuous on the neck and shouldn't be used often. Content beyond 50 degrees is physically impossible for most people.

The visible spectrum is defined as that visible to humans, but the variance between species is large. Not only can cone opsins be spectrally shifted to alter the visible range, but vertebrates with 4 cones (tetrachromatic) or 2 cones (dichromatic) relative to humans' 3 (trichromatic) will also tend to have a wider or narrower visible spectrum than humans, respectively.

Motion Sickness: Users might suffer motion sickness if there’s a mismatch between what the user sees and what they expect to see based on their movements. Hence it is vital that the FoV setting in VR matches the user’s natural FoV.

Realism in AR: The FoV impacts how convincingly digital content can be integrated into the real world. A narrow FoV might make the augmented elements feel more like they’re floating in a small window of space, rather than a seamless part of the user’s environment.

FoV in VR is often wider than AR, as the medium allows for a broader view, which can enhance immersion and make the virtual environment feel more realistic. In AR, MR or XR, FoV determines how much of the real world can be augmented with digital overlays. A larger FoV can offer a more comprehensive and engaging experience, but technical limitations often require a balance between a wide FoV and factors like device size, comfort, and processing power.

Each opsin has a spectral sensitivity function, which defines how likely it is to absorb a photon of each wavelength. The luminous efficiency function is approximately the superposition of the contributing visual opsins. Variance in the position of the individual opsin spectral sensitivity functions therefore affects the luminous efficiency function and the visible range. For example, the long-wave (red) limit changes proportionally to the position of the L-opsin. The positions are defined by the peak wavelength (wavelength of highest sensitivity), so as the L-opsin peak wavelength blue shifts by 10 nm, the long-wave limit of the visible spectrum also shifts 10 nm. Large deviations of the L-opsin peak wavelength lead to a form of color blindness called protanomaly and a missing L-opsin (protanopia) shortens the visible spectrum by about 30 nm at the long-wave limit. Forms of color blindness affecting the M-opsin and S-opsin do not significantly affect the luminous efficiency function nor the limits of the visible spectrum.

Copyright holder: GENECSIS Informática Ltda Appearance time: 1:26 - 1:29 Copyright license and terms: CC BY Link: GENECSIS Informática Ltda

Respect user spatial memory: Don’t overwhelm users with multiple interactions simultaneously. Instead, use contextual tutorials, which tell the user what they need to know in the moment.

Consider situations where a user can move closer or farther from your content. While seated, the optimal distance is critical, as the user can't adjust the distance themselves. A walkable experience can be more flexible with distance, but ensure your content works best in the optimal view distance.

In virtual reality (VR), a wider FoV means you can see more of the virtual world at once, which can make it feel more real and immersive. In augmented reality (AR), digital images are overlaid onto the real world, so the FoV determines how much of your surroundings can have these digital enhancements. Essentially, FoV is the window to the virtual or augmented world.

To design content for varying FoV, factors such as how much of the scene is visible at a time and how to ensure important elements are within the user's immediate field of view have to be considered, especially in devices with limited FoV.

Because of how it interacts with physical space, AR needs to follow specific guidelines to make an experience that isn't unpleasant for viewers.

LightforVisualArtists PDF

Adaptive Design: Design content that can adapt to different FoV settings, to accommodate a variety of devices with varying FoV capabilities.

Comfort and Presence: An optimal field of vision makes the user feel comfortable. A very wide one might cause neck strain, dizziness or cybersickness since the user will need to move around a lot. A narrow FoV might strain the user’s eyes since they’ll need to concentrate on a very small area all the time.

Optimize your experience by allowing us to monitor site usage. You’ll enjoy a smoother, more personalized journey without compromising your privacy.

Governs the storage of data necessary for maintaining website security, user authentication, and fraud prevention mechanisms.

Use real physics: Have objects behave and interact in a way that mimics their real-world counterparts. A rubber ball should bounce, and the door handle should open a door.

Context Awareness: Integrate digital elements with the real world smoothly and safely. Ensure that important information or interactions don’t require users to move their heads excessively.

Design for context intelligence: Have your program sense and respond to the environment. Use space to trigger new content automatically when the user gets near.

With 180,485 graduates, the Interaction Design Foundation is the biggest online design school globally. We were founded in 2002.

Visible wavelengths pass largely unattenuated through the Earth's atmosphere via the "optical window" region of the electromagnetic spectrum. An example of this phenomenon is when clean air scatters blue light more than red light, and so the midday sky appears blue (apart from the area around the Sun which appears white because the light is not scattered as much). The optical window is also referred to as the "visible window" because it overlaps the human visible response spectrum. The near infrared (NIR) window lies just out of the human vision, as well as the medium wavelength infrared (MWIR) window, and the long-wavelength or far-infrared (LWIR or FIR) window, although other animals may perceive them.[2][4]

UX Design for Virtual Reality is taught by UX expert Frank Spillers, CEO and founder of the renowned UX consultancy Experience Dynamics. Frank is an expert in the field of VR and AR, and has 22 years of UX experience with Fortune 500 clients including Nike, Intel, Microsoft, HP, and Capital One.

Maximize Immersion: Aim for a wide FoV, between 90 degrees and 110 degrees, to enhance the feeling of presence and immersion. Design content that leverages this breadth and encourages users to explore the environment.

Enables personalizing ads based on user data and interactions, allowing for more relevant advertising experiences across Google services.

FoV plays a critical role in immersive storytelling in VR and AR by determining how much of the virtual world is visible to the user, thus affecting the narrative and engagement level.

In addition to the photopic and scotopic systems, humans have other systems for detecting light that do not contribute to the primary visual system. For example, melanopsin has an absorption range of 420–540 nm and regulates circadian rhythm and other reflexive processes.[30] Since the melanopsin system does not form images, it is not strictly considered vision and does not contribute to the visible range.

Place your AR experiences in the most comfortable viewing angles to make users more relaxed and less tired. Remember that other factors might adjust the viewing angles and ideal distance.

In the 13th century, Roger Bacon theorized that rainbows were produced by a similar process to the passage of light through glass or crystal.[11]

Field of View (FoV) in VR and AR devices is typically measured in degrees—it represents the extent of the observable world at any given moment. It's calculated based on the optical design of the headset, including the lens and screen properties. The higher the degrees, the wider the FoV.

A limited or overly wide FoV can contribute to motion sickness in VR environments, as there's a disconnect between the motion perceived by the visual system and the lack of corresponding vestibular feedback (balance and spatial orientation).

These rules apply primarily to content that moves with the user's gaze, like a heads-up display. If you have a scene in front of the user, ensure the main content doesn't exceed these areas. Otherwise, they might miss something when they turn their bodies. For example, you don't want two scenes playing simultaneously on either side of the user. Additionally, if the user uses a phone instead of a headset, the holograms might be cut off, breaking immersion.

In this video, UX consultant Frank Spillers covers the main guidelines for AR design. These are invaluable tips that will make your designs much more user-friendly.

In UX Design for Virtual Reality, you’ll learn how to create your own successful VR experience through UX design. Informed by technological developments, UX design principles and VR best practices, explore the entire VR design process, from concept to implementation. Apply your newfound skills and knowledge immediately though practical and enjoyable exercises.

For more on user focus and forced functions in AR, see "Forcing functions"- an interaction design technique used but not widely understood.

The visible spectrum is the band of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light (or simply light). The optical spectrum is sometimes considered to be the same as the visible spectrum, but some authors define the term more broadly, to include the ultraviolet and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum as well, known collectively as optical radiation.[1][2]

Simply copy and paste the text below into your bibliographic reference list, onto your blog, or anywhere else. You can also just hyperlink to this page.

Enhances LinkedIn advertising through server-side event tracking, offering more accurate measurement and personalization.

Take a deep dive into Field of View (FOV) in Extended Reality with our course UX Design for Virtual Reality .

User Testing and Feedback: Conduct extensive user testing to understand how different FoV settings affect user experience. Pay attention to feedback regarding comfort, immersion, and usability.

Vertical Field of View placement. The field of view is restricted in augmented reality. Ensure the most important elements are in the central area for a comfortable user experience.

Read more about spatial design for AR in Creating Augmented and Virtual Realities: Theory & Practice for Next-Generation Spatial Computing.

Show Hide video transcript Transcript loading… Video copyright info Copyright holder: GENECSIS Informática Ltda Appearance time: 1:26 - 1:29 Copyright license and terms: CC BY Link: GENECSIS Informática LtdaCopyright holder: KEE JOON HONG Appearance time: 0:33 - 0:38; 0:47 - 0:52 Copyright license and terms: CC BY Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlZRGJx4g8A&ab_channel=KEEJOONHONG

Content Placement: Place important information and interactive elements within the central area of the FoV. This is especially important in AR, where the FoV is more restricted.

Here’s the entire UX literature on Field of View (FOV) in Extended Reality by the Interaction Design Foundation, collated in one place:

We believe in Open Access and the democratization of knowledge. Unfortunately, world-class educational materials such as this page are normally hidden behind paywalls or in expensive textbooks.

UX design for Augmented Reality (AR) has some different guidelines than what is used for screen-based UX. Designers must consider the space and the physical limits of what is comfortable for the human body. Also, as AR overlays physical space, you must be very aware of the cognitive load because you add to the existing distractions of the real world.

Consider Peripheral Vision: In VR, use peripheral areas for non-essential or ambient information, which can enhance immersion without causing discomfort.

Regardless of actual physical and biological variance, the definition of the limits is not standard and will change depending on the industry. For example, some industries may be concerned with practical limits, so would conservatively report 420–680 nm,[21][22] while others may be concerned with psychometrics and achieving the broadest spectrum would liberally report 380–750, or even 380–800 nm.[23][24] The luminous efficiency function in the NIR does not have a hard cutoff, but rather an exponential decay, such that the function's value (or vision sensitivity) at 1,050 nm is about 109 times weaker than at 700 nm; much higher intensity is therefore required to perceive 1,050 nm light than 700 nm light.[25]

If you want this to change, cite this page, link to us, or join us to help us democratize design knowledge!

For the vertical field of view, the chance of neck strain is less of an issue but still present. You shouldn't have users look straight up or down for long periods, especially when they walk around. The ideal content placement for vertical rotation is the 40-degree area slightly above the center of vision or horizon line.

FoV in AR typically ranges from 30 to 50 degrees. This narrower scope is due to the complexities of overlaying digital images onto the real world, a process that involves sophisticated optics and display technology. This limited FoV can constrain immersion but is generally sufficient for practical AR applications like data overlay or navigation assistance.

In 9 chapters, we’ll cover: conducting user interviews, design thinking, interaction design, mobile UX design, usability, UX research, and many more!

VR typically requires a larger FoV for an immersive experience, as it replaces the real world with a virtual one. AR, on the other hand, overlays digital information onto the real world, so a smaller FoV may be sufficient.

Accessibility: A wider FoV can be more inclusive as it accommodates users with a wider range of visual capabilities and preferences, but it also has to be balanced with considerations like the weight and comfort of the headset.

Similarly, young subjects may perceive ultraviolet wavelengths down to about 310–313 nm,[26][27][28] but detection of light below 380 nm may be due to fluorescence of the ocular media, rather than direct absorption of UV light by the opsins. As UVA light is absorbed by the ocular media (lens and cornea), it may fluoresce and be released at a lower energy (longer wavelength) that can then be absorbed by the opsins. For example, when the lens absorbs 350 nm light, the fluorescence emission spectrum is centered on 440 nm.[29]

Newton originally divided the spectrum into six named colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. He later added indigo as the seventh color since he believed that seven was a perfect number as derived from the ancient Greek sophists, of there being a connection between the colors, the musical notes, the known objects in the Solar System, and the days of the week.[12] The human eye is relatively insensitive to indigo's frequencies, and some people who have otherwise-good vision cannot distinguish indigo from blue and violet. For this reason, some later commentators, including Isaac Asimov,[13] have suggested that indigo should not be regarded as a color in its own right but merely as a shade of blue or violet. Evidence indicates that what Newton meant by "indigo" and "blue" does not correspond to the modern meanings of those color words. Comparing Newton's observation of prismatic colors with a color image of the visible light spectrum shows that "indigo" corresponds to what is today called blue, whereas his "blue" corresponds to cyan.[14][15][16]

Allows for improved ad effectiveness and measurement through Meta’s Conversions API, ensuring privacy-compliant data sharing.

Allow the user to see the world in the background. AR users don't expect to be fully immersed without warning. It may be unsettling or dangerous to obscure their whole environment with content.

Ideally, you should place objects within five meters of the users and beyond one and a quarter meters. Users might overlook your content, want more personal space, or collide with the holograms if things are too close. Too far, and it might be hard for the user to see.

In UI design, FoV impacts how and where information is presented. A larger FoV allows for more content and interactive elements to be displayed without causing discomfort or disorientation.

The visible range of most animals evolved to match the optical window, which is the range of light that can pass through the atmosphere. The ozone layer absorbs almost all UV light (below 315 nm).[19] However, this only affects cosmic light (e.g. sunlight), not terrestrial light (e.g. Bioluminescence).

Accessibility: Take into account users with different needs. Ensure that the experience is accessible and comfortable for a diverse audience.

The connection between the visible spectrum and color vision was explored by Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz in the early 19th century. Their theory of color vision correctly proposed that the eye uses three distinct receptors to perceive color.

A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 380 to about 750 nanometers.[3] In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 400–790 terahertz. These boundaries are not sharply defined and may vary per individual.[4] Under optimal conditions, these limits of human perception can extend to 310 nm (ultraviolet) and 1100 nm (near infrared).[5][6][7]

Lightvfx free

Spectroscopy is the study of objects based on the spectrum of color they emit, absorb or reflect. Visible-light spectroscopy is an important tool in astronomy (as is spectroscopy at other wavelengths), where scientists use it to analyze the properties of distant objects. Chemical elements and small molecules can be detected in astronomical objects by observing emission lines and absorption lines. For example, helium was first detected by analysis of the spectrum of the Sun. The shift in frequency of spectral lines is used to measure the Doppler shift (redshift or blueshift) of distant objects to determine their velocities towards or away from the observer. Astronomical spectroscopy uses high-dispersion diffraction gratings to observe spectra at very high spectral resolutions.

Virtual reality is a multidimensional universe that invites you to bring stories to life, transform digital interactions, educate with impact and create user-centric and unforgettable experiences. This course equips you with the skills and knowledge to embrace the possibilities and navigate the challenges of virtual reality.

In the 17th century, Isaac Newton discovered that prisms could disassemble and reassemble white light, and described the phenomenon in his book Opticks. He was the first to use the word spectrum (Latin for "appearance" or "apparition") in this sense in print in 1671 in describing his experiments in optics. Newton observed that, when a narrow beam of sunlight strikes the face of a glass prism at an angle, some is reflected and some of the beam passes into and through the glass, emerging as different-colored bands. Newton hypothesized light to be made up of "corpuscles" (particles) of different colors, with the different colors of light moving at different speeds in transparent matter, red light moving more quickly than violet in glass. The result is that red light is bent (refracted) less sharply than violet as it passes through the prism, creating a spectrum of colors.

This article outlines positional memory and its importance in AR: Did you move your user's cheese? All you need to know about 'Positional Memory'

Most other vertebrates (birds, lizards, fish, etc.) have retained their tetrachromacy, including UVS opsins that extend further into the ultraviolet than humans' VS opsin.[19] The sensitivity of avian UVS opsins vary greatly, from 355–425 nm, and LWS opsins from 560–570 nm.[34] This translates to some birds with a visible spectrum on par with humans, and other birds with greatly expanded sensitivity to UV light. The LWS opsin of birds is sometimes reported to have a peak wavelength above 600 nm, but this is an effective peak wavelength that incorporates the filter of avian oil droplets.[34] The peak wavelength of the LWS opsin alone is the better predictor of the long-wave limit. A possible benefit of avian UV vision involves sex-dependent markings on their plumage that are visible only in the ultraviolet range.[35][36]

The spectrum does not contain all the colors that the human visual system can distinguish. Unsaturated colors such as pink, or purple variations like magenta, for example, are absent because they can only be made from a mix of multiple wavelengths. Colors containing only one wavelength are also called pure colors or spectral colors.[8][9]

Testing the visual systems of animals behaviorally is difficult, so the visible range of animals is usually estimated by comparing the peak wavelengths of opsins with those of typical humans (S-opsin at 420 nm and L-opsin at 560 nm).

Balance with Comfort: Be aware that a very wide FoV might lead to discomfort or motion sickness for some users. Design content that minimizes rapid movements or extreme peripheral action.

The visible spectrum is limited to wavelengths that can both reach the retina and trigger visual phototransduction (excite a visual opsin). Insensitivity to UV light is generally limited by transmission through the lens. Insensitivity to IR light is limited by the spectral sensitivity functions of the visual opsins. The range is defined psychometrically by the luminous efficiency function, which accounts for all of these factors. In humans, there is a separate function for each of two visual systems, one for photopic vision, used in daylight, which is mediated by cone cells, and one for scotopic vision, used in dim light, which is mediated by rod cells. Each of these functions have different visible ranges. However, discussion on the visible range generally assumes photopic vision.

In lesson 4, you’ll delve into interface and interaction design to create your own user-friendly, compelling and comfortable VR experiences.

Some snakes can "see"[42] radiant heat at wavelengths between 5 and 30 μm to a degree of accuracy such that a blind rattlesnake can target vulnerable body parts of the prey at which it strikes,[43] and other snakes with the organ may detect warm bodies from a meter away.[44] It may also be used in thermoregulation and predator detection.[45][46]

Use shorter animations than you would in a desktop or VR experience. Remember that AR is for short bursts of activity and design around distractions.

When you design for mobile and desktop, you are limited to the area of the screen. For AR, the area you can work with is limited only by the physical limitations of our vision—more specifically, our field of view and view distance.

In the early 19th century, the concept of the visible spectrum became more definite, as light outside the visible range was discovered and characterized by William Herschel (infrared) and Johann Wilhelm Ritter (ultraviolet), Thomas Young, Thomas Johann Seebeck, and others.[17] Young was the first to measure the wavelengths of different colors of light, in 1802.[18]

While you design, consider whether the user is sitting, reclining, standing, or walking. While walking, you generally want users to face the direction they are walking in. While seated, the user may be more comfortable but unable to turn their whole body unless they adjust their seat. If possible, have your content automatically adjust for these different scenarios, and adjust once the user is in motion.

Avoid timed challenges, like limited window rewards that are only available for a few seconds. This is primarily a safety issue, but it is also a good idea because these can be easy to miss if the user is looking elsewhere.

Teleosts (bony fish) are generally tetrachromatic. The sensitivity of fish UVS opsins vary from 347-383 nm, and LWS opsins from 500-570 nm.[37] However, some fish that use alternative chromophores can extend their LWS opsin sensitivity to 625 nm.[37] The popular belief that the common goldfish is the only animal that can see both infrared and ultraviolet light[38] is incorrect, because goldfish cannot see infrared light.[39]

To reach the ideal FoV, designers have to consider the average head rotation, which is about 30 degrees to each side from the center. Content shouldn’t be placed beyond this range, as neck rotations further than that are uncomfortable for most people. Vertical content placement is equally vital. Most content should be positioned around the horizon line or slightly above, within a 40-degree angle downwards and about 10 degrees upwards from the horizon to ensure it falls within the user’s comfortable line of sight.

After each lesson you’ll have the chance to put what you’ve learned into practice with a practical portfolio exercise. Once you’ve completed the course, you’ll have a case study to add to your UX portfolio. This case study will be pivotal in your transition from 2D designer to 3D designer.

This content placement strategy is similar to the design of cinemas, theaters, and concert venues. Distance is also a key factor; ideal content placement is between 1.25 and 5 meters away. This range ensures all elements and animations are clearly visible and appropriate animation triggering (the initiation of animations or interactive elements based on the user’s location and actions within a specific distance range). Content shouldn’t be placed too close as it could lead to discomfort or immersion-breaking issues, for example, 3D models might intersect the user.

It’s easier to achieve a broader view in VR, as a designer can render a fully digital environment. However, it does require more powerful processing, which can lead to bulkier VR headsets. Designers should aim to strike a balance between immersion, realism and comfort for their users.

In lesson 5, you’ll gain insights into prototyping, testing, implementing VR experiences, and conducting thorough evaluations.

Increasing FoV presents technical challenges such as the need for more powerful processing to render wider scenes, potential distortions at the edges of the display, and the requirement for more advanced optics, which can increase the cost and complexity of the headset.

Lastly, you will want to place content at a comfortable distance away from the user, especially for prolonged interactions.

VR offers a substantially wider FoV, usually between 90 degrees and 110 degrees, with some high-end models reaching up to 120 degrees or more. As Frank mentions above, wider isn’t necessarily better. It’s important to consider how a wider field can enhance immersion. However, immersion must not come at the expense of the user’s comfort. For example, if the user experiences neck strain, they won’t value the immersive content.

Minimize abstract UIs: Affordances are the best tool to make UIs intuitive, especially 3D ones. Don't force users to interpret what things mean. If something looks interactable, make it interactable. Work with real physics and the environment. Use real physics and respect the boundaries of physical space; don't put an interactable object beyond a wall or window. Avoid "secret UIs" or hidden features that users need to use.

Before reaching the retina, light must first transmit through the cornea and lens. UVB light (< 315 nm) is filtered mostly by the cornea, and UVA light (315–400 nm) is filtered mostly by the lens.[20] The lens also yellows with age, attenuating transmission most strongly at the blue part of the spectrum.[20] This can cause xanthopsia as well as a slight truncation of the short-wave (blue) limit of the visible spectrum. Subjects with aphakia are missing a lens, so UVA light can reach the retina and excite the visual opsins; this expands the visible range and may also lead to cyanopsia.

Object placement should fall within a central area in the user's field of vision, and objects shouldn't be too close or far away from the user.

Permits storing data to personalize content and ads across Google services based on user behavior, enhancing overall user experience.

As discussed in the video, an AR experience that goes beyond the more natural 30 to 50 degrees can be tiresome or uncomfortable for the user.

Read more about spatial design for AR in Creating Augmented and Virtual Realities: Theory & Practice for Next-Generation Spatial Computing.

Copyright holder: KEE JOON HONG Appearance time: 0:33 - 0:38; 0:47 - 0:52 Copyright license and terms: CC BY Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlZRGJx4g8A&ab_channel=KEEJOONHONG

The user should always control the camera movement. Let them drive. Don't shake the camera, purposely lock rotation, or turn the user's camera for them.

Most mammals have retained only two opsin classes (LWS and VS), due likely to the nocturnal bottleneck. However, old world primates (including humans) have since evolved two versions in the LWS class to regain trichromacy.[19] Unlike most mammals, rodents' UVS opsins have remained at shorter wavelengths. Along with their lack of UV filters in the lens, mice have a UVS opsin that can detect down to 340 nm. While allowing UV light to reach the retina can lead to retinal damage, the short lifespan of mice compared with other mammals may minimize this disadvantage relative to the advantage of UV vision.[31] Dogs have two cone opsins at 429 nm and 555 nm, so see almost the entire visible spectrum of humans, despite being dichromatic.[32] Horses have two cone opsins at 428 nm and 539 nm, yielding a slightly more truncated red vision.[33]

The visual systems of invertebrates deviate greatly from vertebrates, so direct comparisons are difficult. However, UV sensitivity has been reported in most insect species.[40] Bees and many other insects can detect ultraviolet light, which helps them find nectar in flowers. Plant species that depend on insect pollination may owe reproductive success to their appearance in ultraviolet light rather than how colorful they appear to humans. Bees' long-wave limit is at about 590 nm.[41] Mantis shrimp exhibit up to 14 opsins, enabling a visible range of less than 300 nm to above 700 nm.[19]

Learn more about comfort and other elements of AR and VR in our courses, UX Design for Augmented Reality and UX Design for Virtual Reality.

Visual Hierarchy and Clarity: Establish a clear visual hierarchy. Place critical interactive or narrative elements prominently within the FoV.

Our digital services use necessary tracking technologies, including third-party cookies, for security, functionality, and to uphold user rights. Optional cookies offer enhanced features, and analytics.