The Heartwing Center’s Executive Director Heather Wood said she is excited about the new name as it feels like a new beginning for the non-profit while still offering the same services that people have come to the location for since its inception.

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The focal length and the focus plane coincide only when the object is placed at an infinite distance, indeed beams from a point on the object can be considered as parallel. When instead the distance from the object is ‘short’ (rule of thumb: <10x Focal length), we are in macro mode and the focus plane is placed further away from the optical system compared to the focal length.

Maximum magnificationcamera lens

“It's been to help people be self-empowered, and become more self sufficient and have greater confidence be able to take part in the life of the community,” Aksamit said.

The F-number affects the optics depth of field (DoF), that is the range between the nearest and farthest location where an object is acceptably in focus. Depth of field is quite a misleading concept because physically there is one and only one plane in object space that is conjugate to the sensor plane. However, being mindful of diffraction, aberration and pixel size, we can define an “acceptable focusing distance” from the image conjugate plane, based on subjective criteria. For example, for a given lens, the acceptable focusing distance for a precision gauging application requiring a very sharp image is smaller than for a coarse visual inspection application.

Cameramagnification formula

where p is the sensor pixel size (in microns), M is the lens magnification and k is a dimensionless parameter that depends on the application (reasonable values are 0.008 for measurement applications and 0.015 for defect inspection). For example, taking p = 5.5 µm and k = 0.015, a lens with 0.25X mag and WF/# = 8 has an approximate DoF = 10.5 mm.

At the women’s center, Sears said women have an opportunity to create friendships with each other, and explore their creative interests through music and crafts while also accessing resources. With the change in name, she hopes that people can see that the organization is open to anyone.

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Macro and telecentric lenses are designed to work at a distance comparable to their focal length (finite conjugates), while fixed focal length lenses are designed to image objects located at a much greater distance than their focal length (infinite conjugates). It is thus convenient to classify the first group by their magnification, which makes it easier to choose the proper lens given the sensor and object size, and the latter by their focal length.

Father Stan Aksamit of Our Lady of Peace and Heather Wood, executive director of the Heartwing Center, at left, and staff pose by their new sign bearing their new name, formerly known as Montague Catholic Social Ministries, in Turners Falls on Wednesday. STAFF PHOTO/PAUL FRANZ

F-mount is a bayonet-style mount originally developed by Nikon for its 35 mm format cameras and is still found in most of its digital SLR cameras. It is commonly used with bigger sensors, e.g. full-frame or line-scan cameras. Lenses can be easily swapped out thanks to the bayonet mount, but no back focal adjustment is possible.

Image

where s (s’ ) is the object (image) position with respect to the lens, customarily designated by a negative (positive) value, and f is the focal length of the optical system (cf. Fig. 1). The distance from the object to the front lens is called working distance, while the distance from the rear lens to the sensor is called back focal distance. Henceforth, we will be presenting some useful concepts and formulas based on this simplified model, unless otherwise stated.

Camera lensmagnification

For 30 years, The Heartwing Center has operated as a small non-profit in Franklin County offering social services and resources for anyone seeking help, and the decision to change the organization’s name comes from the desire to be known as a non-denominational, inclusive organization. To commemorate this new chapter, members of The Heartwing Center along with community leaders and local officials stopped by 3rd Street to see the new sign with the center’s name unveiled.

Assuming a fixed subject and subject distance, every lens of the same focal length will project an image of your subject at the same scale. For example, if ...

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The focal length is a typical characteristic of an optical system. It is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges rays of light. If collimated rays converge to a physical point, the lens is said to be positive (convex), whereas if rays diverge the focus point is virtual and the lens is said to be negative (concave). All optics used in machine vision applications are overall positive, i.e. they focus incoming light onto the sensor plane. CCTV lenses are commonly identified by their focal length, expressed in millimeters (12mm, 25mm, 35mm, etc.).

Magnificationratioformula

“We help women together tap into their creative abilities, because when you create, it makes you feel good. So that's what we really promote – creativity and sharing,” Sears said.

The Heartwing Center is located at 41-43 3rd Street in Turners Falls and open to anyone seeking social service. For more information on The Heartwing Center and contact information, visit the website https://mcsmcommunity.org/.

Camera lensnumbers Explained

Father Stan Aksamit of Our Lady of Peace and Heather Wood, executive director of the Heartwing Center, which was formerly known as Montague Catholic Social Ministries, during a rebranding ceremony in Turners Falls on Wednesday. STAFF PHOTO/PAUL FRANZ

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Camera lensfocal length vs magnification

Lensmagnification Chart

The main features of most optical systems can be calculated with a few parameters, provided that some approximation is accepted. The paraxial approximation requires that only rays entering the optical system at small angles with respect to the optical axis are taken into account. The thin lens approximation requires the lens thickness to be considerably smaller than the radii of curvature of the lens surfaces: it is thus possible to ignore optical effects due to the real thickness of the lenses and to simplify ray-tracing calculations. Furthermore, assuming that both object and image space are in the same medium (e.g. air), we get the following fundamental equation:

A common F-number value is F/8 since smaller apertures could give rise to diffraction limitations, while lenses with larger apertures are more affected by optical aberrations and distortion. A rough estimate of the field depth of telecentric and macro lenses (or fixed focal length lenses used in macro configuration) is given by the following formula:

“If people saw the word Montague and they were not from this town, they would think that they couldn't come in, or if they saw the word Catholic, if they were non-Catholic, they would think that it wasn't for them,” Aksamit said.

“I love the work, and it has felt very important to me for a long time to make sure that on the outside, we were more inclusive, and I just feel like this is the beginning of a new chapter for us,” Wood said. “We're all very, very excited.”

Many cameras are found not to respect the industrial standard for C-mount (17.52 mm), which defines the flange-to-detector distance (flange focal length). Besides all the issues involved with mechanical inaccuracy, many manufacturers don’t take into the due account the thickness of the detector’s protection glass which, no matter how thin, is still part of the actual flange to detector distance.

Andrea Ociesa Sears has been the women’s center director at The Heartwing Center for five years now after having been a family support coordinator for 11 years prior. She said that in her time with the center, she has seen the benefit the services have provided the community.

This is why a spacer kit is supplied with Opto Engineering® telecentric lenses including instructions on how to tune the back focal length at the optimal value.

Image

“It identifies more that we are open to all people, everyone who needs friendship assistance, and just open to everyone in our community so that we can support them with whatever journey that they're on, and if we can’t provide them with the resource, we refer out to other community resources,” Sears said.

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Camera lensmagnification calculator

TURNERS FALLS — The Heartwing Center, formerly known as the Montague Catholic Social Ministries, unveiled its new name to the public during a sign unveiling Wednesday on 3rd Street in Turners Falls.

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Although the name is changed, the services The Heartwing Center offers will continue. Starting in 1994, The Heartwing Center was a coalition of local parishes who came together as the “Outreach Project” before evolving into its former name the Montague Catholic Social Ministries.

The basic purpose of a lens of any kind is to collect the light scattered by an object and recreate an image of the object on a light-sensitive ‘sensor’ (usually CCD or CMOS based).

For common optical systems, in thin lens approximation, the focal length is the distance over which collimated rays coming from infinity converge to a point on the optical axis.

Mxx-mounts are different types of camera mounts defined by their diameter (e.g. M72, M42), thread pitch (e.g. 1 mm, 0.75 mm) and flange focal distance. They are a common alternative to the F-mount for larger sensors.

Image

The Rev. Stan Aksamit of Our Lady Of Peace in Turner Falls who works with The Heartwing Center explained that the change in name is meant to be reflective of the fact that services at The Heartwing Center are not exclusive to only Montague residents, nor is it exclusive to those of the Catholic faith.

The project was created in response to instances of domestic violence within Turners Falls, and the then Outreach Project sought to provide resources for women who were impacted by the violence with the establishment of a women’s center. As time progressed, the non-profit was able to extend its resources to other areas of social issues that state and government agencies may have missed.

Since fixed focal length lenses also follow the previous equation, it is possible to calculate the required focal length given the magnification and working distance, or the required working distance given the sensor size, field of view and focal length, etc. (some examples are given at the end of this section). For macro and telecentric lenses instead, the working distance and magnification are typically fixed.

Each camera mount is more commonly used with certain camera sensor formats. The most typical sensor formats are listed below. It is important to remember that these are not absolute values – i.e. two cameras listed with the same sensor format may differ substantially from one another in terms of aspect ratio (even if they have the same sensor diagonal). For example, the Sony Pregius IMX250 sensor is listed as 2/3” and has an active area of 8.45 mm x 7.07 mm. The CMOSIS CMV2000 sensor is also listed as 2/3” format but has an active area of 11.26 mm x 5.98 mm.

C-mount is the most common optics mount in the industrial market. It is defined by a flange focal distance of 17.526 mm, a diameter of 1” (25.4 mm) with 32 threads per inch.

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For optical systems used in machine vision, in which rays reflected from a faraway object are focused onto the sensor plane, the focal length can be also seen as a measure of how much area is imaged on the sensor (Field of View): the longer the focal length, the smaller the FoV and vice versa (this is not completely true for some particular optical systems, e.g. in astronomy and microscopy).

Different mechanical mounting systems are used to connect a lens to a camera, ensuring both good focus and image stability. The mount is defined by the mechanical depth of the mechanics (flange focal distance), along with its diameter and thread pitch (if present). It’s important that the lens flange focal distance and the camera mount flange distance are exactly the same, or focusing issues may arise. The presence of a threaded mechanism allows some adjustment to the back focal distance if needed. For example, in the Opto Engineering® PCHI series lenses, the back focal adjustment is needed to adjust the focus for a different field of view.

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Every optical system is characterized by an aperture stop, that determines the amount of light that passes through it. For a given aperture diameter d and focal length f we can calculate the optics F-number:

Today, The Heartwing Center offers services through their women’s center along with resources for housing, family support, homework help while more are available at the center. Aksamit said the center offers these resources while also acting as a space for self-improvement for those seeking it.

Typical F-numbers are F/1.0, F/1.4, F/2, F/2.8, F/4, F/5.6, F/8, F/11, F/16, F/22, etc. Every increment in the F-number (smaller aperture) reduces incoming light by a factor of 2. The given definition of F-number applies to fixed focal length lenses where the object is located ‘at infinity’ (i.e. a distance much greater than its focal length). For macro and telecentric lenses where objects are at a closer distance, instead, the working F/# (wF/#)is used. This is defined as:

A certain number of parameters must be considered when choosing optics, depending on the area that must be imaged (field of view), the thickness of the object or features of interest (depth of field), the lens to object distance (working distance), the intensity of light, the optics type (telecentric/entocentric/pericentric), etc.

CS-mount is a less popular and 5 mm shorter version of the C-mount, with a flange focal distance of 12.526 mm. A CS-mount camera presents various issues when used together with C-mount optics, especially if the latter is designed to work at a precise back focal distance.