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Very simplified, a digital image sensor is made up of three layers. The base layer is called the sensor substrate and is often times made out of silicone. The surface of the sensor substrate is not completely flat, instead, it is covered by millions and millions of microscopic photo-sensitive “cavities” – referred to as photosites. Each individual photosite represents a pixel in the final photograph.

I must admit that I had never heard of a digital image sensor before. This is totally helpful because I have been trying to improve my photo skills.

EDGEMONT, PA – Eastern Controls, Inc. announced the expansion of their representation of SICK to include Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and New York. This expands on the existing regions in Western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio included in the Andrews Industrial Controls acquisition.

The photosites can only measure the number of photons it has collected, i.e. the intensity of the light, however, it can not determine the colour of those photons. In other words, the photosites covering the surface of the sensor can only record in monochrome.

SICK is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of sensors, safety systems, machine vision, encoders, gas analyzers, and gas measurement solutions for factory, logistics, and process automation. Eastern Controls is an official SICK Authorized Representative for process industries including Chemical, Petrochemical, Refining, Power Generation, Mining and Metals, Cement, and Pulp and Paper.

When the shutter curtains finally close and the exposure comes to an end, the photons from each photosite are counted and converted into a digital number that represents the brightness of a single pixel. Together with the rest of the pixels captured by all of the other photosites on the surface of the sensor, the image sensor circuitry reads all this information, and turns all the raw data into a full-coloured grid of pixels that ultimately constitute a photograph.

Eastern Controls joins SICK’s established group of Manufacturer Representatives that serve throughout the United States and can now expand SICK’s ability to offer exceptional process control solutions throughout the Northeast. Eastern Controls’ sales engineers and service technicians are trained on a wide range of SICK’s products including ultrasonic flowmeters for gas applications, flares, and gas analyzers for CEMS applications.

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Summarizing the above, it stands to reason that a larger sensor will produce photos that have more depth of field, better bokeh, more width, more dynamic range and less noise than a smaller sensor.

I am, too, constantly trying to improve my photography skills. I just recently got into the tech side of it, and I truly believe that mastering the tech of photography does enable you to take better photographs.

That is where a second layer of a sensor, the Bayer filter, comes into play. The Bayer filter is also referred to as the RGBG filter, or the Colour Filter Array (CFA for short). The Bayer filter isn’t actually a part of the sensor, so it wouldn’t be factual accurate to call it a layer of the sensor. The Bayer filter is actually a filter bonded to the sensor substrate, where it acts as a shield, allowing only photons of a certain colour into each photosite.

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It’s great to learn something about photography and camera tips. Reading this will surely help me with my photos a little better than before.

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For help with any of our products or services, please reach out to your nearest Eastern Controls customer support location.

That means that any light that hits to the gap as opposed to the photosites will not be used for exposure of the photograph. The purpose of the microlens is to eradicate this light waste, which it does by leading the wasted light (that would’ve otherwise hit the gap) into a photosite. In other words, the microlens effectively increases the quantum efficiency of the pixel.

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Since 1969, Eastern Controls has been the leading manufacturer representative, distributor, and service provider of process measurement and control equipment in the Mid-Atlantic region. Want to join the team? Click Here

APS-C sensors (also referred to as cropped) are to be found in both DSLRs and MILCs, and were initially used mostly in entry-level and mid-range system cameras, although nowadays there are compact cameras outfitted with a cropped sensor. An APS-C sensor provides an excellent blend of portability, image quality and flexibility in regards to interchangeable lenses. It is important to note that not all APS-C sensors are equal in size. Canon’s APS-C sensors are smaller (23x15mm) than the the sensors found in Nikon and Sony (24x16mm) cameras.

23 mp might sound like a lot, but the sensor size of the built-in camera in your Sony Experia XZ is tiny – 1/2.3”. If you are interested in developing your photography skills, I’d recommend to get a mirrorless interchangeable lens camera. Mirrorless cameras are generally smaller and lighter than traditional DSLRs. There are models that are very compact and can fit into a small purse or even a pocket! For example, the Panasonic GM1 is 98 x 55 x 30 mm in size and weighs 274 grams (the Sony Xperia XZ weights 160grams). The sensor of the Panasonic is about three times as large as the one in your phone, so you can expect much, much better photo quality! I hope this helped! If you want to learn more about mirrorless cameras, make sure to read our article “DSLR VS. Mirrorless Cameras – The Key Differences“.

DSLRs are equipped with either a full-frame or an APS-C sensor, whilst MILCs are equipped with either of the three sensor formats. The medium-format is yet another type of sensor format, significantly larger than any of the three, and is usually found in the most expensive cameras. Due to its extreme rarity among traveling photographers, we will not delve deep into the medium format, but merely touch upon it.

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I gave up my slr a few years back because it was just so clunky and my iPhone took such great pics, but after reading this post, I see what I am missing. I may have to put a new digital camera on my holiday wishlist.

More About SICK Inc.: SICK is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of sensors, safety systems, machine vision, encoders, and automatic identification products for industrial applications. With more than 1000 patents, SICK continues to lead the industry in new product innovations. The diversity of its product line allows SICK to offer solutions at every phase of production in the logistics, automotive, packaging, electronics, food and beverage, and material handling markets. SICK AG was founded in 1946 and has operations or representation in 65 countries worldwide. www.sick.com

You know what I never took ‘image sensor’ into account. You see my phone has 23 mp (its the Sony Experia XZ) but I am not sure about the image sensor. Do you know by any chance? x

Image quality isn’t really dependent on the type of camera (e.g. mirrorless vs DSLR) you use, but rather on factors such as the image sensor format, the camera’s processor, and the lens. The sensor format, and to a certain extent; the megapizel count, determines the general quality of a photograph. In addition, the the sensor also determines the how well the camera performs in low light conditions.

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The number of photons collected by a photosite is proportional to the light intensity. The more photons that hit a photosite, the brighter the pixel will be. It is correct to assume that photosites recording light from highlights will contain many photons, while the photosites recording light from shadows will contain fewer photons. If the photosites haven’t captured any photons whatsoever, the pixel will be black, if the photosite is completely full, the pixel will be white. Once a photosite has collected the maximum amount of photons (as in; once the cavity is full and no longer can fit more photons) the pixel will be “blown” – completely white (think of a blown-out area in a photograph).

To measure the aspect ratio of your camera, divide the larger number in the image resolution by the smaller number. If your image is sized 800×533, the aspect ratio is 1.5.

Huge bulky full-frame DSLRs with gazillions of megapixels once used to be synonymous with top-notch photo quality. That is no longer the case. More and more photography amateurs have started to appreciate the importance of a digital camera’s image sensor and comprehend the impact it has on their photographs. Fact is, the quality, size and make up of the image sensor, combined with the lens and image processor, play a massive role in the image quality, and, ultimately, the end result.

Then you are definitely missing out! If this article piqued your interest on a system camera, have a look at our newly published article Your Next Travel Camera: The 5 Most Important Features – it discusses the most important features of a camera for travel.

If you have two cameras with the same amount of megapixels, but different sensor sizes, the one with the larger sensor size will produce better photographs. Similarly, a 10 megapixel full frame sensor will still be physically larger than a 12 megapixel APS-C sensor, and the larger 10 megapixel sensor will produce better photographs than a smaller 12 megapixel sensor. Why? The larger sensor contains larger photosites, so each individual photosite will be are able to collect more raw data than the smaller photosites of the smaller sensor. The more raw data each photo has, the more malleable it is in post-production.

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In this article, we’ll discuss the very fundamentals of an image sensor, and why it is important to understand its role in digital photography.

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Wow thanks for sharing this post… I had no idea about all these though I use a camera in my day to day life… This is sooo informative 😀

Each and every digital camera, whether it’s a gigantic professional full-frame DSLR, or a small built-in mobile phone camera, is equipped with a digital image sensor. The sensor, which resembles a tiny chip, is a solid-state device, and sits in the heart of the device, just behind the lens. The sensor acts like a film, detecting and capturing all the data that is required in order to form a photograph.

Digital image sensors are available in a variety of sizes. There are primarily three different image sensor formats that are used in the DSLRs and MILCs on the consumer market. The biggest is a full-frame sensor (36 x 24 mm), followed by the smaller APS-C sensor (usually 24 x16 mm), and lastly, the Micro 4/3 sensor being the smallest of the three (17 x 13 mm).

Does this sound confusing? Think of it this way … The Bayer filter consists of alternating rows of red and green filters and blue and green filters. The red filters will only allow red photons to pass through it and onto the photosite, the green will only capture green photons, and the blue will only capture blue photons. Thus, blue light can never penetrate a red filter and vice versa.

This is such an interesting post! I´m just starting to explore the world of photography and cameras. Right know the big sensor is maybe not needed for me, but I hope that I´ll get there one day 🙂

It is important to understand that the size of a sensor is not relevant to the number of megapixels. A larger sensor is made up of larger photosites, hence a larger sensor will be able to collect more photons with less noise and greater range of tones – which translates into a more detailed, sharper and brighter photograph.

I love this article! So incredibly interesting to learn about camera sensor formats. Thanks so much for sharing your expertise!

Full-frame sensors are mainly used in professional cameras, such as flagship models in many manufacturers’ lines. The large large surface area of a full-frame sensor enables them to capture a lot of light, resulting in high quality images. As we mentioned earlier, a full-frame sensor camera can be mirrorless or a DSLR.

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When you press the shutter release button and the exposure process begins, the camera’s shutter curtains open briefly, allowing light to flood through the photographic lens onto the image sensor. Each photosite on the surface of the image sensor collects a certain amount of light particles (light photons), and records the intensity of light, i.e. the number of photons that fell onto it. The amount of collected photons is based on factors such as the length of the exposure (i.e. the shutter speed you chose) and the light characteristics of the scene.

Since 1969, Eastern Controls has been the Mid-Atlantic’s premier manufacturers’ representative, distributor, and service provider of process measurement and control equipment. Our expertise covers all primary process variable measurements, including flow, pressure, level, temperature, and liquid analytical as well as gas detection, control valve, and isolation valve applications.

SICK offers customers multiple technologies and solutions that are fully integrated into the process industry and Eastern Controls is proud to add SICK’s technologies to their solutions offering.

When speaking about the aspect ratio of a sensor, we are speaking about the ratio of the sensor’s width to height. The aspect ratio dictates the proportions of the image produced by the camera. A square has an aspect ratio of is 1:1 (e.i.  equal width and height), whilst a 35mm film has an aspect ratio of 1.5:1 (1,5 times wider than it is high). Most image sensors fall in between these two aspect ratios.

Continuing, the third layer of the sensor, the microlens, sits atop the Bayer filter. Its role is to assist each photosite with collecting the maximum amount of light. If you visualize the construction of a sensor and its photosites, try to visualize a gap between each photosite. The photosites are not placed exactly site by side, in contrast, there is a small gap between each photosite.

Thanks to the Bayer filter, the processor (which handles the colour calculation), will have the ability to not only measure the number of photons is has collected, but also the number of each red photon, each green photon, and each blue photon. If a photosite with a red filter above it has collected 1,000 photons, the processor is able to deduce that these photons are all red, thus it can measure the level of red light at that certain pixel in the photograph.

I have a Cannon Rebel and I go to YouTube when I need to know how to get a shot of something I want. Love all the videos on there.

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im rarely behind the camera but knowing how it works is always helpful to both the photographer and model. This is an informative article, thanks!

Lastly, the Micro 4/3 sensor is exclusive to the mirrorless cameras, oftentimes found in Olympus and Panasonic cameras. There are no DSLR cameras outfitted with this type of sensor. With a surface area of 220 mm², the M4/3 sensor is almost four times smaller than the full-frame sensor, and about 30% smaller than the APS-C sensor.