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Another technique is using a wedged-shaped fiber end as shown below. This is done by grinding the tip of an un-tapered fiber. Perpendicular to this plane, the fiber and laser modes are closely matched.
So to finish off, the heat sink is the most important factor, if you want a quality LED product that will last look to the back of the LED for a large metal or ceramic heat sink. These will cost you more but that’s because they cost more to make - they will save you in the long run!
Each application will determine which beam angle to select. If you are running globes to light up a wide area such as an oyster light, choose a globe with 180+ degree beam angle - the wider the better, this will eliminate shadowing and dark spots in the corners of the room. If you are running a track light which is lighting up a piece of artwork, then you want a more concentrated beam of around 15 - 20 degrees. Always think about the application in your head and work out just how wide you need the light. Some applications you don’t want to flood the area with wasted light but some you may.
This ultimately comes down personal preference. Some people love the traditional warm white whereas some people will think it’s boring. Some applications are better suited for each colour, however.Relaxing mood areas e.g. bedroom, lounge room or a garden will be suited to a warm white around 3,000K. The 3,000K light will be more of dull yellowish light but I always say less light is better for mood lighting, for example, think about how you have seen candles been used to create mood.General areas which could be both relaxing but also working areas would suit a 4,000K cool white which you can’t really go wrong with, as it has the best of both worlds. A warmish tinge with a practical whitish colour to see things a bit brighter and clearer. Again, if you are unsure which LED globe temperature to pick, go with a 4,000k it will suit almost every application. Work areas or ultra modern areas are best with a 5000K+ daylight colour which will give off almost a blue light and is super practical for offices, warehouse, hospitals etc. 5000K can be very harsh when looked at directly and can cause eye strains but does make everything look more fresh and vibrant and for some people this is ideal in all applications.
The coupling efficiency is very sensitive to the alignment. This sensitivity is shown in the following figure. This figure shows the sensitivity to lateral displacement between the diode and the lenses or fiber. Longitudinal displacement is another factor. Generally speaking, the lower the coupling loss, the more sensitive the optimum coupling is to displacement.
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You can also use index matching gel between the offending surfaces or thin-film anti-reflective coatings to reduce the severity of back reflection.
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There are different heat sinks to look for such as a metal, ceramic and plastic heat sinks. Plastic heat sinks by far have the highest LED lighting returns. This is because the LED is tuned right down then up but without a doubt since manufacturers have started doing this we are getting many many more returns.
You should also consider the impact of reflection of the emitted light back into the diode. Planar surfaces perpendicular to the optical axis are particularly bad in this respect.
The application you are using the LED globe on will decide if you need dimmable. The price can sometimes double and it also even more important to buy quality dimmable LED globes because cheaper ones will state they dim but will not go down very far and a lot of the times flicker.
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So other coupling techniques were developed using various lenses to reduce the coupling loss. This is shown in the following illustration.
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LED globes will last from 25,000 hours upto 100,000 hours. The majority are rated at 50,000 hours which is 25 times longer than halogen globes and 10 longer the Fluorescent. When used for around 8 hours a day you should see around 20 years lifespan.
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Since the laser diode emits at a elliptical pattern, a simple hemispherical lens surface is not enough for better coupling. That is why more complex lens shapes were developed.
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LED’s are fully electronic and the manufacturers who make LED products can turn the wattage right up to get maximum possible brightness but doing this will burn the LED chips out which is why LED products have heat sinks.
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With more complex lens shapes, the sensitivity is also more complicated. The best coupling efficiency is about 90% or 0.45dB coupling loss.
The colour rendering index means how clear objects that lit by the light source are, the higher the CRI the more vibrant and true colours will portray. Most globes will be around a LED CRI of 80> which is fine but if you are after a super high quality LED light. Choosing a 5000K + daylight colour will give you the most accurate colours.
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The other technique to solve the reflection problem is to use curved surfaces. The radius of the curvature must be small because of the small mode field diameter (MFD) of the fiber or components.
Yes, LED's run a very low tempreture and will actually last longer when turned off and on less a possible. Most LED's are rated to last 50,000 hours so if on for 24/7 you would be looking at around 6 years of continual running. Ensure you buy high qaulity brands that have proven track records.
There are many factors to consider when selecting which globe to purchase and suit your application. First things first, always choose LED, you will save on up to 90% on electricity and will last typically 50 times longer than halogen. LEDs also instantly start, have a wider range of colour temperatures, and are much more environmentally friendly. Are there any downsides to LEDs? Well, like anything there are different quality LED’s and they have a very wide range, so in this blog we will go over on the points to look for when buying quality over cheap and nasty which will cost you more in the end.
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A hyperbolic lens is often used. This lens shape has about the same transverse offset loss as in a hemispheric lens, but there was less sensitivity to tilt and more sensitivity to longitudinal translation.
The brute-force approach of simply butting an optical fiber almost against the laser diode allows for only about 10-20% coupling efficiency, or a 7 to 10dB coupling loss. The coupling approach is show below.
LED globes save 80% of energy, will last 25 times longer and operate at 70% cooler temperature to incandescent. LED globes are fully electronic which makes them much more versatile and gived the ability to change the colour tempreture much easier.
This is the true indication on how bright the globe is. Most people still look to the wattage, which is fine for older incandescent and fluorescent products, but for LED this will not help choosing the right brightness. You must look to the lumens. If you have the light on a dimmer, go overkill with the lumens this way you can’t lose. For garden LED lighting less light is better for creating ambience and for task lighting -brighter is better for working environments.
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Tapered fiber can also be made by etching a stub of fiber, so that part of the cladding is removed. In this case, the core diameter and MFD keeps the same. This approach is shown below.
This problem can be corrected by having such surfaces at an angle from the perpendicular, and this angle is typically less than 10º because of the small angular spread of a single mode beam.
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The tapered fiber tips change the mode field diameter (MFD) of the fiber. Tapered fiber can be manufactured by pulling on a short length of fiber – this approach reduces the diameters of both the core and cladding. In this approach, the MFD is enlarged. This approach is shown in the following figure.
In both cases, a lens at the taper tip is fabricated to reduce the MFD for better coupling efficiency. Such lenses can be formed on the fiber end by the following methods.
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Most people think LED products don’t get hot, this is not true - they do, but the heat sinks draw all the heat out. Not all heat sinks are equal though! Some products will have much better heat sinks that prolong the life of the LED. Some manufacturers will be irresponsible but offering crazy wattage and lumen outputs, causing them to get too hot even with a heat sink. We advise against these kinds of lights. Go instead with a smart manufacturer who will turn the wattage down to a level that the heat sink can work effectively and get the maximum life out of the LED.
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Always stick to well-known brands that have been around for 10 years plus, they are the ones who have built the reputation on quality and if they hadn't they wouldn't still be around. The Lighting Outlet's favourite brands for LED bulbs are Domus Lighting, Havit Lighting, CLA Lighting, Atom Lighting, Lusion, Azoogi, or Crompton Lighting.
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If you are chasing mood lighting then we strongly recommend going with the carbon filament globes as they have a temperature of around 2,000 kelvins. This is very similar to a candlelight colour - the ambiance they create is magic.
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Quality is key, and you will always find a cheaper globe but chances are it will produce poor light and fail within 12 months, so do yourself a favour - avoiding headaches and purchasing quality over cheap and nasty.
Some of these techniques use lenses that are cylindrical instead of spherical to compensate for laser diode’s elliptical emission pattern. Other factors in selecting the coupling technique include small package size, optimized alignment, etc.
The mechanical stability of the coupling technique is also very important. It must have stability against mechanical vibrations and temperature fluctuation.
This is partially because that the laser diode emission pattern is somewhat elliptical. Analytical expressions for such patterns have been used for both LED and LD (laser diode).