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Dispersion of Light happens when white light is split into its constituent hues due to refraction. Dispersion of Light can be achieved through various means but the most common way to achieve dispersion of light is through Prism. Dispersion of light by a prism results in the breaking of white light into its seven constituents.

Dispersion of Light through a prism is achieved by allowing the white light to fall on the prism and passing the light through the prism to break it into its constituent colours. In this article, we will learn about the Dispersion of Light, its experiment and others in detail.

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At aerodromes where Category II & III operations take place or where ground movement requirements are complex, a taxiway guidance system may be installed in order to regulate traffic. The system operates by selective switching of the taxiway centerline lighting so that individual sections or routes, each terminating at a lighted stop bar, are illuminated in order to show the way ahead. The taxiing guidance system consists of:

Refraction of light is the change in the direction of light when it changes its propagation of the medium whereas reflection is the change in direction of the light after striking through a solid surface.

Many runway incursion incidents result from pilots/drivers acknowledging air traffic control (ATC) hold short instructions and then continuing across the runway holding point line due to various reasons (poor situational awareness due to complex aerodrome layout, expectation bias, workload, etc).

The light disperses into a wide range of colours after passing through a glass prism. We can see this by looking at it from a different perspective. The refractive index associative with a material is not fixed it varies with the frequency of the light used.

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When white light passes through a glass prism, it separates into its spectrum of colours (in order violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red), this process is known as Dispersion.

Electromagnetic waves are transverse, and can be polarised. The polarisation of light is used in many applications.

The measure of refraction in the path of light after passing through the prism is measured by measuring the angle of deviation. The angle of deviation is defined as the angle made between the incident ray of light entering the prism and the refracted ray emerging out of the prism.

A prism is glass apparatus made of transparent glass. It has three rectangular lateral surfaces and two triangular faces that are inclined at an angle. It dispersed the white light passing through it.

In case the stop bar lights have not been switched off after receipt of an instruction to proceed forward, the pilot or vehicle driver must seek clarification from ATC. When following the directional guidance provided by the green taxiway centerline lights and red stop bar lights, pilots are advised to also navigate their taxi route with reference to information and mandatory signs/markings provided at the airport so as to maintain situational awareness of their whereabouts at all times.

The system is designed to provide pilots with visual guidance while taxiing during night operations and during periods of low visibility. Stop bar lighting is prescribed in International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 14 for low visibility operations and is in use at many international airports. Stop bars are considered a valuable defence against aircraft and vehicles accidentally entering a runway without ATC clearance and a solid barrier against the pilots’ error related to poor situational awareness.

The air traffic controller has the option of over-riding the taxiing route priority by manually selecting or deselecting the appropriate stop bar lights. All taxiing guidance lights on taxiways leading to the runways terminate at the runway holding positions where red stop bar lights remain on unless deselected by the controller. Stop bars are normally installed in association with green lead-on lights which form part of the taxiway centerline lighting beyond the stop bar. The lead-on lights are interlinked with the stop bar so that when the stop bar is ‘on’ the green centerline beyond the stop bar is ‘off’ and vice versa.

This deviation in the white lights makes the spectrum of the light visible and we observe the visible spectrum of the light. For example, the spectrum observed on the oil drop is the visible spectrum of the light.

The visible pattern of the spectrum observed by us when the light passes through the prism is because of the change in the wavelength of the various colour lights.

Through this experiment, he concluded that light is made up of a spectrum of light. To further prove his experiment he from some other tests as

When oil droplets fall on water, we see the different colours in them. This is because the light undergoes refraction when it passes from the oil to the water medium or vice versa. Hence the light is dispersed and we see the spectrum of different colours in the oil droplets.

The first experiment of light passing through the prism was first conducted by the great scientist Newton. He allows white light to pass through a prism hoping to get white light to the other end. But to his surprise, he found that white light gets changed to the spectrum of the seven colours. He named this phenomenon as dispersion of light.

When the light ray is passed through the glass prism it gets deviated into the spectrum of the light in the order VIBGYOR and the full form of the VIBGYOR is,

The installation of a taxiway guidance system allows landings and take-offs to take place in low visibility conditions where otherwise extensive delays would occur. Stop bar operations require no special equipment to be installed in aircraft or vehicles but require appropriate training and strict adherence to the procedures: the pilot/driver must stop and hold at a lit stop bar, and proceed only when ATC gives the appropriate verbal instruction and switches off the stop bar. The runway stop bar shows red in the direction of approach to the stop bar from the taxiway and is co-located with the runway holding point markings.

When a taxiing route is selected, corresponding segments of taxiway centerline lights on the maneuvering area are switched on automatically. When two or more routes are selected, the system gives priority to the first route in sequence and activates red stop bar lights across conflicting routes, as necessary. A segment of the centerline lights of the conflicting routes that cut across the first route will also be suppressed.

Different colours in the light range have different wavelengths. Therefore, the speed at which they bend varies depending on the wavelength, in which the Violet light bends most, and the Red bends the least. As a result, white light coming out from the prism breaks into the spectrum of the light.

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When light passes from one medium to another medium speed of propagation of light changes as a result the light is refracted. Now when the light passes through the prism, it gets refracted this refraction of light makes the light split into various colours and this phenomenon is called the dispersion of light through the prism.

The deviation of the light waves after passing through the prism is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light as the wavelength of the Violet light is the least and so the violet light get deviates the most, whereas the wavelength of the red light is the most and hence it gets deviates the least.

Dispersion of light is the reason behind the formation of the rainbow. When it rains the tiny water droplets remain in the air. When the sunlight passes through water droplets the light gets dispersed and we see the dispersed light in the form of a Rainbow.

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When the light ray changes its medium of propagation its deviates from its path this phenomenon is called the refraction of the light.

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