In the aviation industry, airlines continually seek to enhance the passenger experience. Alongside safety and comfort, cabin ambiance plays a vital role in ensuring a positive and memorable journey for travelers. A cabin’s ambiance can be managed with the skillful control of lighting, temperature, and visual elements, creating an atmosphere that enhances comfort, well-being and satisfaction. In this article, we will explore the significance of cabin ambiance and how it positively impacts passengers’ overall experience.

The Sun has a surface temperature of nearly 6000 Kelvin (where the Kelvin temperature scale is the same as the familiar Centigrade scale except that the zero degrees C is about 273 degrees Kelvin). Its radiation peaks in the visible part of the spectrum at wavelengths of about half a micron, as shown by the yellow-green line in the graph above.

We humans, slightly warmer than room temperature, glow in the mid infrared and we’re brightest at about 10 microns wavelength (black line in the graph).   These days we are all familiar with infrared imaging, which allows us to see in the dark using electronic detectors that record infrared light emitted by warm objects such as people.  The pictures below show SPIRE team member Prof. Peter Ade in visible light (wavelength about 0.5 micron) and infrared light (about 10 microns).

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Lighting plays a pivotal role in cabin ambiance management as it significantly influences passenger moods and perception of space. Employing adjustable LED lighting systems enables airlines to create diverse lighting scenarios during flights. Whether soothing warm tones for sunrise or sunset service or cool blue tones for getting the cabin ready for a solid night’s sleep, this dynamic lighting assists passengers in adjusting to different time zones while minimizing the effects of jet lag.

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Clouds of interstellar gas and dust that form stars are typically at temperatures of about 50 K (that’s about –220oC). They glow at far infrared wavelengths and are brightest at about 100 microns (red line in the graph above).  And the universe itself is filled with radiation corresponding to a temperature of just less than 3 K – very cold indeed – with peak emission in the millimetre wavelength range (blue line in the graph above).

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In fact all objects glow (emit electromagnetic radiation), and they do this in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that depends on their temperature. The diagram below shows how bright objects of different temperatures appear at difference wavelengths.

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The whole region with wavelengths ranging from 1 micron to 1 mm is loosely called the “infrared”, but astronomers tend to break this up into sub-regions:  the “near infrared” (from 1 to 5 microns); the “mid infrared” (5 to 30 microns), the “far infrared” (from 30 to 300 microns) and the “submillimetre” (from 300 microns to 1 mm).  The exact boundaries are somewhat arbitrary, and the exact definitions can vary.

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Infrared radiation was discovered by William Herschel in 1800. He was studying the heating effect of different colours of light by using a prism to produce a spectrum of colours and thermometers to measure their heating effect. He noticed that the heating effect got stronger as he went from the blue end of the spectrum to the red. In a moment of inspiration, he moved the thermometer beyond the visible red end and found that the heating effect was even greater.

Aircraft cabins have evolved beyond functional spaces to become extensions of an airline’s brand and identity. Skillfully implementing cabin ambiance features allows airlines to create unique and immersive environments that align with their brand values, thereby enhancing the overall passenger experience. Using a tablet or control panel, passengers have the ability to choose a specific “mood” such as reading, sleeping, or waking up. This selection triggers the automatic synchronization of various elements, including shades, dimmable windows, and lighting, resulting in a tailored environment that perfectly matches the desired mood and lighting atmosphere.

In an industry characterized by fierce competition, airlines strive to differentiate themselves by providing unique experiences to passengers. Cabin ambiance plays a pivotal role in strengthening an airline’s brand identity and creating a distinctive atmosphere. Whether it’s a serene and elegant ambiance for a luxury airline or a vibrant and energetic one for a low-cost carrier, ambiance helps establish a robust brand image that resonates with passengers.

Visual comfort is another essential aspect of cabin ambiance. Advanced technologies, like smart dimmable window solutions, empower airlines to provide passengers with control over window transparency and light filtration. Dimmable windows with SPD technology block glare reducing eye strain and visible light to sleep, yet still maintain a view when opaque. This not only enhances the outside view but also allows passengers to personalize their surroundings, fostering a sense of spaciousness.

Clearly, depending on what it is that we want to observe, we need to look in different parts of the spectrum, and no one part will tell us everything. The Earth’s atmosphere transmits well in the visible and radio regions, but it blocks out everything from gamma rays to ultraviolet and most of the infrared.  So to study the Universe at those wavelengths we need to launch space-borne observatories.

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Cabin ambiance has transcended its functional origins and has become a powerful tool for creating exceptional passenger experiences. By skillfully controlling lighting, temperature, and visual elements, airlines shape the ambiance within the cabin, influencing passenger moods and well-being. The utilization of advanced technologies, such as dimmable window solutions and adjustable LED lighting, empowers airlines to offer personalized and immersive environments. Ultimately, cabin ambiance enhances the overall journey, making air travel more enjoyable, comfortable, and memorable for passengers while solidifying airlines’ competitive edge in the industry.

It is interesting that the basic technique used by Herschel to discover infrared radiation is still used in modern instruments today, including instruments on board the Herschel satellite – the only real difference is a factor a billion or so in sensitivity.

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Maintaining a comfortable cabin temperature is crucial for passenger well-being. Advanced HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems effectively regulate temperature and humidity levels, ensuring a pleasant environment throughout the flight. Well-regulated cabin temperature promotes relaxation, reduces fatigue, and combats dehydration, ultimately contributing to an enhanced passenger experience.

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The electromagnetic spectrum spans a wide range of wavelengths from very short wavelength and highly energetic gamma rays to very long wavelength and low-energy radio waves. The visible part of the spectrum is only a small portion. Infrared light is the same as the light that we can see except that the wavelength is longer and outside the range that our eyes can sense.

Cabin ambiance seamlessly integrates with in-flight entertainment systems. By synchronizing lighting, sound, and visual effects, airlines can create immersive experiences that captivate passengers and elevate the in-flight entertainment offering. Coupled with comfortable seating arrangements, personalized control systems, and high-quality audiovisual equipment, cabin ambiance management transforms the cabin into an entertainment haven.