First of all, welding spectacles and infrared safety spectacles are subject to two different safety standards: while welding spectacles are designed specifically for welding applications and the respective output from the welding machine in accordance with EN 169, infrared safety spectacles are designed in accordance with EN 171; this standard intends for the eye protection to be selected according to the average temperature of the radiating heat source.

In the infrared light risk assessment for your workplace (for eyes and skin), your distance from the source of radiation and the amount of time spent in front of the radiation source are also relevant in determining the strength of your IR radiation exposure.

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Hot spots are highly reflective portions of a field within a more diffuse reflecting field. In Figure 8, a polarizer is placed in front of the lens of a camera as well as over the light source illuminating the scene to reduce hot spots.

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Understanding and manipulating the polarization of light is crucial for many optical applications. Optical design frequently focuses on the wavelength and intensity of light, while neglecting its polarization. Polarization, however, is an important property of light that affects even those optical systems that do not explicitly measure it. The polarization of light affects the focus of laser beams, influences the cut-off wavelengths of filters, and can be important to prevent unwanted back reflections. It is essential for many metrology applications such as stress analysis in glass or plastic, pharmaceutical ingredient analysis, and biological microscopy. Different polarizations of light can also be absorbed to different degrees by materials, an essential property for LCD screens, 3D movies, and glare-reducing sunglasses.

Another characteristic way to see how polarizers reduce reflective glare is by viewing water surfaces. In Figure 7, the surface of the water appears reflective in the left image, obscuring what is below the surface. On the right, however, the rocky debris on the floor of the body of water is much more clearly visible.

Once the analyzer has been aligned perpendicularly to the polarizer, an anisotropic, or birefringent, the specimen is placed on the specimen stage. The specimen rotates the polarized light a designated amount, proportional to the specimen thickness (and thus the optical path distance) and the specimen birefringence, before its light reaches the analyzer.

Birefringent polarizers rely on the dependence of the refractive index on the polarization of light. Different polarizations will refract at different angles and this can be used to select certain polarizations of light.

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Polarization control is also very important in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food and beverage industries. Many important organic chemical compounds, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients or sugars, have multiple orientations. The study of molecules with multiple orientations is called stereochemistry.

Our infrared light spectacles also meet the requirements of U.S. standard ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 and Japanese standard JIS T8141. This multi-certification allows our infrared spectacles to be used for protection when welding and from solar radiation as well. Conversely, a pair of welding safety spectacles does not provide sufficient protection against infrared!

Dichroic polarizers absorb a specific polarization of light, transmitting the rest; modern nanoparticle polarizers are dichroic polarizers.

Molecular compounds that have the same type and number of atoms, but different molecular arrangements are called stereoisomers. These stereoisomers are “optically active” and will rotate polarized light in different directions. The amount of rotation is determined by the nature and the concentration of the compound, allowing polarimetry to detect and quantify the concentration of these compounds. This is the premise for identifying which stereoisomer may be present in a sample, which is important because stereoisomers can have vastly different chemical effects. For example, the stereoisomer limonene is the chemical that gives oranges and lemons their characteristic scents.

Light is an electromagnetic wave, and the electric field of this wave oscillates perpendicularly to the direction of propagation. Light is called unpolarized if the direction of this electric field fluctuates randomly in time. Many common light sources such as sunlight, halogen lighting, LED spotlights, and incandescent bulbs produce unpolarized light. If the direction of the electric field of light is well defined, it is called polarized light. The most common source of polarized light is a laser.

The analyzer only transmits light that has experienced a specimen-induced phase shift and continues to block all the unaffected light from the source which was originally polarized by the polarizer. If the birefringence of the specimen is known, it can then be used to determine the specimen thickness. If the specimen thickness is known, it can be used to deduce the birefringence of the specimen. A convenient chart used for this purpose is known as the Michel-Levy interference color chart in Figure 14.

If you operate in areas with particularly high levels of infrared radiation – right in front of the iron-melting furnace, for instance – heat protection clothing and special heat protection are indispensable.

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Many different types of microscopy techniques such as differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy utilize polarizers to achieve a variety of effects.

Whether you work right in front of a furnace in a foundry or a certain distance away, appropriate eye and face protection – plus where necessary the right heat protection clothing – are essential for you to be able to work safely.

In a simple polarization microscope system, a linear polarizer is placed in front of a microscope light source, below the specimen stage, to polarize the light entering the system. Another linear polarizer placed above the specimen stage is referred to as an “analyzer,” as this polarizer is rotated to achieve the desired effect when analyzing the sample and while the first polarizer is kept stationary. The analyzer is then rotated such that the polarization planes of the analyzer and polarizer are 90° apart. When this has been achieved, the microscope has a minimum transmission (crossed polarizers); the amount of light transmission will be proportional to the extinction ratio of the polarizer and analyzer.

Unstressed clear objects between crossed polarizers should yield a completely dark field, however, when internal material stress is present, the localized changes in refractive index rotate the angle of polarization, resulting in transmission variations.

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When it comes to the long-term dangers posed by infrared radiation, the key question is how to provide employees with effective, reliable protection to keep them healthy while they work.

In amorphous solids such as glass and plastic, stress from temperature and pressure profiles in the material imparts localized variations and gradients in the material properties, making the material birefringent and nonhomogeneous. This can be quantified in transparent objects using the photoelastic effect, as stress and its related birefringence can be measured with polarized light methodologies.

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Alternative text: We also have the precise spectacles tint for many other applications, offering you the best protection and comfort for your work. Find out more here: uvex lens tint (uvex-safety.com)

Where θ is the angle between the incident linear polarization and the polarization axis. We see that for parallel axes, 100% transmission is achieved, while for 90° axes, also known as crossed polarizers, there is 0% transmission. In real-world applications the transmission never reaches exactly 0%, therefore, polarizers are characterized by an extinction ratio, which can be used to determine the actual transmission through two crossed polarizers.

Infrared radiation, or thermal radiation, was discovered in the year 1800 by Friedrich Wilhelm (William) Herschel, musician and astronomer. Everyday sources of infrared radiation include:

A pair of uvex IR-ex spectacles can provide you with optimum protection against the effects of infrared in your workplace. To determine which spectacles have the correct level of protection, establish the average temperature of the source of radiation – i.e. the burning object (such radiation measurements are performed as part of the workplace risk assessment in larger companies). The table provided sets out the official levels of protection of the relevant EN 171 standard and the level of protection that uvex infrared spectacles offer:

Aside from the aforementioned situations in people’s personal lives, there are many industrial settings in which infrared radiation is used in a variety of ways. Typical examples include:

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Particular caution is advised in the event of infrared coming into excessively long direct contact with the eyes because its harmful effect on eye health varies depending on how deeply the IR radiation manages to penetrate the eye tissue:

Protect your eyes and those of your employees when working with infrared radiation: rely on the durability, transparency and colour fidelity of uvex IR-ex safety spectacles! Use the temperature of the radiation source to determine the correct level of protection, and please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions. You can contact us by telephone (+49 (0)911 97 36 360), by email (serviceteam@uvex.de) or via our contact form.

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As well as the acute risks posed by overheating, the chronic effects of infrared light on the eyes (damage to lenses and retina) are good reason to wear appropriate personal protective equipment when working with infrared radiation.

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All filters of the infrared safety spectacles and of other PPE in this range must meet the transmission requirements of EN 171 and are divided into defined levels of protection accordingly. Standard 166 for general personal eye protection stipulates further requirements for infrared safety spectacles. You can find illustrations and other explanations of these specifications and the applicable standards for safety spectacles on our website.

For linearly polarized light with intensity I0, the intensity transmitted through an ideal polarizer, I, can be described by Malus’ law,

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Ring light guides are popular illumination sources due to their even, diffuse illumination. However, glare or reflection of the ring itself may occur. Polarizing the ring light output and the lens separately can reduce these effects, and bring out surface details as seen in Figure 9.

Unpolarized light can be considered a rapidly varying random combination of p- and s-polarized light. An ideal linear polarizer will only transmit one of the two linear polarizations, reducing the initial unpolarized intensity I0 by half,

While polarizers select certain polarizations of light, discarding the other polarizations, ideal waveplates modify existing polarizations without attenuating, deviating, or displacing the beam. They do this by retarding (or delaying) one component of polarization with respect to its orthogonal component. To help you determine which waveplate is best for your application, read Understanding Waveplates. Correctly chosen waveplates can convert any polarization state into a new polarization state and are most often used to rotate linear polarization, to convert linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light, or vice versa.

Depending on its intensity, proximity and the duration of exposure, infrared radiation can be harmful to the eyes as well as to the skin. The eyes generally react much sooner and are much more sensitive than the skin to the effects of IR radiation, which can be harmful from a certain degree of intensity and exposure. The heat can in fact be beneficial to skin to a certain extent: infrared heat in the form of infrared lamps is used for medical purposes such as treating pain, circulation problems, stiff joints, inflammation etc. However, excessive heat can also cause heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heatstroke and burns.

Comparing the two standards and the protective effect mentioned therein of welding safety spectacles and infrared safety spectacles, it quickly becomes clear that IR spectacles are capable of absorbing five to ten times more radiation within the 700 to 2,700 nm spectrum than welding spectacles – while still allowing just as much visual radiation through. Our professional uvex IR-ex infrared safety spectacles therefore provide effective protection when working with both types of radiation, meet both standards (EN 169 and EN 171) and are way ahead of welding spectacles when it comes to the protection that they offer. And, because our IR-ex spectacles also provide protection from UV radiation up to 400 nanometres, the requirements of EN 170 for UV filters are also met. Our IR-ex tint therefore offers multiple types of protection for virtually all hazards posed by optical radiation. This multi-certification allows our infrared spectacles to be used for protection when welding and from solar radiation as well. Conversely, a pair of welding safety spectacles does not provide sufficient protection against infrared!

The same phenomenon can be seen in the Figure 6. In the left image (without polarizer), unpolarized light from the sun is interacting with the windows of the Edmund Optics building and most of this light is reflecting off the windows. In the right image, a polarizing filter has been applied such that the reflected light, rich in one polarization type, is being blocked from the camera sensor and the photographer, using the other polarization type, can see into the building more easily.

Reflective polarizers transmit the desired polarization while reflecting the rest. Wire grid polarizers are a common example of this, consisting of many thin wires arranged parallel to each other. The light that is polarized along these wires is reflected, while light that is polarized perpendicular to these wires is transmitted. Other reflective polarizers use Brewster’s angle. Brewster’s angle is a specific angle of incidence under which only s-polarized light is reflected. The reflected beam is s-polarized and the transmitted beam becomes partially p-polarized.

By cross-polarizing light with two linear polarizers that are oriented perpendicularly, hot spots can be reduced or eliminated altogether.

Infrared is radiation with a wavelength between 780 nanometres and one millimetre on the electromagnetic spectrum. This IR radiation cannot be perceived by the naked eye, even if the heat emitted by the radiation can be felt. Particular caution is therefore required when dealing with extremely warm and prolonged radiation. Infrared light is divided into three types depending on the wavelength: IR-A, IR-B and IR-C. The longer the waves of the IR radiation, the less able they are to penetrate fabric or dermal layers. At 780 nm to 1,400 nm, the comparatively short-wave IR-A radiation is therefore the most harmful type in terms of human health (greatest degree of penetration). UV light is also invisible, but its wavelength spectrum is below 400 nm and it therefore has a shorter wavelength than radiation within the visible range of the spectrum.

For workplaces where less-intense heat sources do not pose an immediate threat but lasting exposure to infrared poses a hazard, uvex has developed a special range of safety spectacles to provide protection from IR radiation: uvex IR-ex. Combining safety with a clear view, these safety spectacles have the following impressive properties:

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Edmund Optics® offers a wide variety of polarizers, waveplates, polarizing beamsplitters, and other polarization-manipulating optics.

Infrared radiation

In order to select a specific polarization of light, polarizers are used. Polarizers can be broadly divided into reflective, dichroic, and birefringent polarizers. More detailed information on which type of polarizer is right for your application can be found in our Polarizer Selection Guide.

The two orthogonal linear polarization states that are most important for reflection and transmission are referred to as p- and s-polarization. P-polarized (from the German parallel) light has an electric field polarized parallel to the plane of incidence, while s-polarized (from the German senkrecht) light is perpendicular to this plane.

In Figure 5, a linear polarizer was placed in front of the lens in a machine vision system to remove obfuscating glare such that an electronic chip could be clearly seen. The left image (without polarizer) shows randomly polarized light scattering off of the many glass surfaces between the object and the camera sensor. Much of the chip is obscured by Fresnel reflection of the unpolarized light. The image on the right (with polarizer) shows the chip without glare obscuring any of the object details, allowing the chip to be viewed, analyzed, and measured without obstruction.

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Our infrared safety spectacles feature our proven uvex supravision coating technology to pair top protection with a superbly clear view! Choose from the sporty uvex pheos cx2 and the uvex super f OTG as overspecs for prescription spectacle wearers. Experience the quality of our infrared spectacles for yourself and try out the colour recognition on our uvex IR-ex page!

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In professional settings, employees working in glass production and the processing of metals or plastics are among those exposed to the potentially harmful effects of infrared radiation, which is invisible to the naked eye. This article will set out the dangers posed by infrared, list the areas in which IR radiation is found and provide clarification on effective measures to tackle the problem.

Figure 11 shows a photo taken of Edmund Optics Headquarters and the variation in the color of the sky, grass, and foliage from using or not using a polarizer in front of a camera lens. Because electrons in air molecules scatter light in many directions, the appearance of the sky without a polarizer is a lighter shade of blue, as seen in the left image (without polarizer). Additionally, the surface of leaves of trees and on blades of grass are very slightly reflective. Using a polarizer filters out some of the light reflected from these surfaces, darkening the perceived color of these surfaces.

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Infrared light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light, typically ranging from about 700 nanometers to 1 millimeter.

You can find more information on our professional IR products in our online brochure for uvex IR-ex. We also have glare safety spectacles, welding safety spectacles and UV safety spectacles in our range. You can also use our handy tint app to help you to select the correct tint.

Implementing polarization control can be useful in a variety of imaging applications. Polarizers are placed over a light source, lens, or both, to eliminate glare from light scattering, increase contrast, and eliminate hot spots from reflective objects. This either brings out more intense color or contrast or helps to better identify surface defects or other otherwise hidden structures.

The angular difference between the axes of polarization of the two polarizers is directly related to the amount of overall light attenuation of the set of polarizers. By changing the angle offset, the optical density of the polarizer set can be varied, achieving a similar effect to using a neutral density filter. This ensures that the overall field is evenly illuminated.