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Lasers are also used in instruments called spectrometers. Spectrometers can help scientists figure out what things are made of. For example, the Curiosity rover uses a laser spectrometer to see what kinds of chemicals are in certain rocks on Mars.

Monochromatic light of wavelength \(600 \text{ nm}\) strike an equilateral triangular prism with an angle of incidence \(\theta_i = 30^\circ.\) The index of refraction for the prism is \(n=1.5.\) What is the angle of refraction of the light as it leaves the prism rounded to the nearest degree?

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The smoke coming from chimneys scatters the blue light the most, so it overrides the other spectral colors and the smoke appears blue.

The rainbow pattern is made up of seven colors in a specific order. This is because the wavelength of red light is higher so it deviates the least, while the wavelength of violet is lower and deviates the most. This is why the red light is at the bottom and the violet light is at the top.

Molecules of clouds are larger than wavelength of light so they scatter all colors to equal extent They do not scatter different colors of light There are so many gaps between the molecules in the cloud that light passes undeviated The water molecules in the cloud absorb light Why do clouds appear white in color? Why is smoke white in color? Note: The same answer applies to both the questions. Try my World of Physics to solve many problems like this one.

Submit your answer Monochromatic light of wavelength \(600 \text{ nm}\) strike an equilateral triangular prism with an angle of incidence \(\theta_i = 30^\circ.\) The index of refraction for the prism is \(n=1.5.\) What is the angle of refraction of the light as it leaves the prism rounded to the nearest degree?

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Each color of light has a different wavelength. For example, blue light has a shorter wavelength than red light. Sunlight—and the typical light from a lightbulb—is made up of light with many different wavelengths. Our eyes see this mixture of wavelengths as white light.

NASA missions have used lasers to study the gases in Earth’s atmosphere. Lasers have also been used in instruments that map the surfaces of planets, moons, and asteroids.

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Scientists have even measured the distance between the moon and Earth using lasers! By measuring the amount of time it takes for a laser beam to travel to the moon and back, astronomers can tell exactly how far away it is!

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Dispersion of light occurs when white light is separated into its different constituent colors because of refraction and Snell's law. White light only appears white because it is composed of every color on the visible spectrum. Although they are very close, the index of refraction for each color is unique in non-vacuous materials. These unique indices cause each wavelength to follow a different path.

Polychromatic light enters a rectangular glass prism of thickness \(t=2\text{ cm}.\) If the light strikes with incident angle \(30^\circ\) in air, what is the lateral separation of violet light (\(n = 1.52\)) and red light (\(n = 1.51?\))

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Using glass prism we can disperse only visible light. But still radiations of different wavelengths can be dispersed by different prisms'. The given below problem explains this.

Polychromatic light strikes a triangular prism. Which color is most likely to be totally internally reflected within the prism?

Water droplets are roughly spherical in nature and contain water with a refractive index that enables light to refract. When sunlight (white light) strikes water droplets suspended in air, it refracts and spreads into its constituent colors through dispersion. When sunlight touches a water droplet (at some particular angle) the light gets refracted and dispersed. Later, the refracted light undergoes total internal reflection, which causes the light rays to fall on the front side of the droplet and emerge from the back.

Lasers have many uses. They are used in precision tools and can cut through diamonds or thick metal. They can also be designed to help in delicate surgeries. Lasers are used for recording and retrieving information. They are used in communications and in carrying TV and internet signals. We also find them in laser printers, bar code scanners, and DVD players. They also help to make parts for computers and other electronics.

The letters in the word laser stand for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. A laser is an unusual light source. It is quite different from a light bulb or a flash light. Lasers produce a very narrow beam of light. This type of light is useful for lots of technologies and instruments—even some that you might use at home!

Unknown, . Dispersion prism. Retrieved May 11, 2016, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Dispersion_prism.jpg

Each beam will travel a path diagonally through the prism. The angle of refraction forms a right triangle with the thickness and lateral displacement of the light ray.

Either could be eliminated Neither may be eliminated Red Violet Polychromatic light strikes a triangular prism. Which color is most likely to be totally internally reflected within the prism?

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A glass prism is used to disperse white light. The prism is a 5-faced solid, having two triangular bases and three rectangular surfaces that are inclined toward each other.

Dispersion of light is the splitting of white light into its constituent colors due to the refractive index of the surface and the wavelength of the light.

Sir Issac Newton, while studying the image of a heavenly body formed due to refraction of white light by a lens, found that the image is coloured at it's edges. He thought that the coloured image is due to some defect in the lens. He then repeated the experiment with a carefully polished lens, but the image was still coloured. Newton then thought that the fault is not in the lens, but there is something in the nature of white light itself due to which the image is coloured at its edges. To investigate it further, he performed another experiment with a \(prism \).

If the light entering the prism is not of a single colour then the emergent beam also has different colours arranged in a definite order. It is because the light of different colours have different speeds in a medium expect air. The speed of light in a transparent medium decreases with decrease in the wavelength of light.

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A laser is different. Lasers do not occur in nature. However, we have figured ways to artificially create this special type of light. Lasers produce a narrow beam of light in which all of the light waves have very similar wavelengths. The laser’s light waves travel together with their peaks all lined up, or in phase. This is why laser beams are very narrow, very bright, and can be focused into a very tiny spot.

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The formation of a rainbow is linked to the dispersion of light. Since it has a striking similarity to the dispersion of light in a prism, water droplets are sometimes called mini prisms.

Ultramarine is a fluorescent substance which absorbs ultraviolet radiation from sunlight and converts it into visible light seen as violet, indigo, and blue spectral colors. Sunlight is deficient in these colors, having been scattered in the upper atmosphere. So, when sunlight falls on clothes soaked in ultramarine, the deficient sunlight again contains all the spectral colors in equal proportion on account of fluorescence. As a result, our brain perceives it as white.

Light is sent through one of the rectangular faces, which enters the prism and exits through one of the other rectangular faces. Since different colors of light travel at different speeds, the refractive index is different for each color. As a result, when white light passes through the refracting surface of the prism, its components bend into different angles, causing the single beam of light to separate. Then, the different colors of light bend again because of the refraction caused by the second rectangular surface.

This is a picture of Martian soil before (left) and after (right) it was zapped by the Curiosity rover’s laser instrument called ChemCam. By zapping tiny holes in Martian soil and rock, ChemCam can determine what the material is made of. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/LANL/ CNES/IRAP/LPGN/CNRS

This animation shows a representation of the different wavelengths present in sunlight. When all of the different wavelengths (colors) come together, you get white light. Image credit: NASA

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As light journeys from the sun to the earth's atmosphere, violet, indigo, blue, and green lights of the spectrum get scattered because air particles increase in diameter nearer to the earth's surface. The next spectral color in terms of shortest wavelength, yellow, scatters closest to eye level, causing it to override the other spectral colors. As a result, the sun appears yellow.

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Newton allowed white light from sun to enter a dark room through a small aperture in a window and placed a glass prism in the path of light rays. The light coming out of the prism was received on a white screen. On the screen a coloured patch like a rainbow was formed which was termed as spectrum .

Because laser light stays focused and does not spread out much (like a flashlight would), laser beams can travel very long distances. They can also concentrate a lot of energy on a very small area.

[1] Image from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism#/media/File:Prism-side-fs_PNr%C2%B00117.jpg under the creative commons attribution for reuse and modification.

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Sunlight reaches the earth's atmosphere and is scattered by gases and particles in the air. Blue (and violet) light is dispersed more broadly than most other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why the sky often appears blue.[4]