Guests will walk through the Zoo to experience holiday lanterns. Tram will not operate during this evening event. Guests looking to rent a wheelchair or electric scooter are highly recommended to place an advanced reservation. Quantities are limited. Without a reservation, rentals are on a first-come, first-served basis and there is no guarantee of availability. To make a mobility assistance reservation, please call 412-365-6020.

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The event will take place rain or shine. Tickets are non-refundable and cannot be exchanged. Only Member and Group discounts listed on this page apply; no additional discounts are available.

In 3D computer graphics, diffuse interreflection is an important component of global illumination. There are a number of ways to model diffuse interreflection when rendering a scene. Radiosity and photon mapping are two commonly used methods.

Combine VR, Train, and Holiday Specs into a total fun package! Guests under 39 inches tall or 6+ months pregnant should not ride our VR attraction.

Guests arriving at the Zoo without Wild Illuminations tickets may buy tickets on grounds if tickets remain available.  Guests are encouraged to purchase tickets before arriving at the Zoo to guarantee availability.

The visibility of objects, excluding light-emitting ones, is primarily caused by diffuse reflection of light: it is diffusely-scattered light that forms the image of the object in an observer's eye over a wide range of angles of the observer with respect to the object.

Diffuse interreflection is a process whereby light reflected from an object strikes other objects in the surrounding area, illuminating them. Diffuse interreflection specifically describes light reflected from objects which are not shiny or specular. In real life terms what this means is that light is reflected off non-shiny surfaces such as the ground, walls, or fabric, to reach areas not directly in view of a light source. If the diffuse surface is colored, the reflected light is also colored, resulting in similar coloration of surrounding objects.

Animals will not be visible in their public habitat during evening hours. To see all Zoo animals, you may also plan a daytime visit. Please note that the Zoo will fully close for an hour and a half between daytime operation and nighttime Wild Illuminations.

Diffuse illuminationeye

Included free with all admission tickets, find specialty displays and great photo opportunities as you enjoy the lanterns! Participation details available on grounds, or get started here:

Diffuselight vs direct light

A surface may also exhibit both specular and diffuse reflection, as is the case, for example, of glossy paints as used in home painting, which give also a fraction of specular reflection, while matte paints give almost exclusively diffuse reflection.

We have some spectacular performances that will leave you starry-eyed! Below are the dates for performances occurring at Wild Illuminations:

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DiffuseLight Ceiling

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Guests looking for the flexibility of visiting Wild Illuminations during any night or time of the festival may purchase a Flex ticket. Flex tickets are single-use, flat-rate tickets that are good for any operating night at any time 5:30 – 9:00 p.m. These premium-priced $35 tickets offer options for guests with evolving plans.

Diffused lighting interior design

Most indoor buildings are closed, though guests have access to restrooms and Water’s Edge. Food, drinks, and gifts are available for purchase at kiosks through the Zoo.

Few materials do not cause diffuse reflection: among these are metals, which do not allow light to enter; gases, liquids, glass, and transparent plastics (which have a liquid-like amorphous microscopic structure); single crystals, such as some gems or a salt crystal; and some very special materials, such as the tissues which make the cornea and the lens of an eye. These materials can reflect diffusely, however, if their surface is microscopically rough, like in a frost glass (Figure 2), or, of course, if their homogeneous structure deteriorates, as in cataracts of the eye lens.

No discounts are available for Flex tickets. Ticket price applies as a flat rate to guests of all ages 24 months and up.

Guests looking to experience the season can receive one pair of Holiday Specs diffraction glasses per person and can enjoy our family-friendly seasonal VR Theater show, “Elf Power,” a five minute animated sleigh ride with Santa and his elves over snow-capped mountains on a present delivery mission. Guests under 39 inches tall or 6+ months pregnant should not ride.

Diffuselight bulb

Diffuse reflection from solids is generally not due to surface roughness. A flat surface is indeed required to give specular reflection, but it does not prevent diffuse reflection. A piece of highly polished white marble remains white; no amount of polishing will turn it into a mirror. Polishing produces some specular reflection, but the remaining light continues to be diffusely reflected.

The most general mechanism by which a surface gives diffuse reflection does not involve exactly the surface: most of the light is contributed by scattering centers beneath the surface,[2][3] as illustrated in Figure 1. If one were to imagine that the figure represents snow, and that the polygons are its (transparent) ice crystallites, an impinging ray is partially reflected (a few percent) by the first particle, enters in it, is again reflected by the interface with the second particle, enters in it, impinges on the third, and so on, generating a series of "primary" scattered rays in random directions, which, in turn, through the same mechanism, generate a large number of "secondary" scattered rays, which generate "tertiary" rays, and so forth.[4] All these rays walk through the snow crystallites, which do not absorb light, until they arrive at the surface and exit in random directions.[5] The result is that the light that was sent out is returned in all directions, so that snow is white despite being made of transparent material (ice crystals).

Colossal Christmas-themed lanterns include snowflakes, trees, candy canes, and a surplus of Santa Claus. A fantastical Secret Forest is a frigid home to unicorns, a griffin, a snow monster, and an unforgettable ice dragon. Lanterns such as a mystical dream tunnel and spectrum of zodiac animals will shine light on Lunar New Year. Be sure to plan a family visit to this can’t-miss seasonal event.

Diffusion affects the color of objects in a substantial manner because it determines the average path of light in the material, and hence to which extent the various wavelengths are absorbed.[6] Red ink looks black when it stays in its bottle. Its vivid color is only perceived when it is placed on a scattering material (e.g. paper). This is so because light's path through the paper fibers (and through the ink) is only a fraction of millimeter long. However, light from the bottle has crossed several centimeters of ink and has been heavily absorbed, even in its red wavelengths.

Groups: Groups of 15+ can automatically receive a $23 flat rate on all Plan-Ahead ticket types. Discount will automatically be applied to all Wild Illuminations tickets in the cart. If child rates are lower than $23 on your date of interest, you’ll receive the lower rates on those child tickets specifically. Groups must select a date and time that works for all members of the party. Note that Member discount does not apply to group sales.

Schedule of characters and regional performers changes nightly. Santa, favorite holiday characters, and regional musicians will appear through Christmas. In January, regional performers will highlight Lunar New Year.

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The vast majority of visible objects are seen primarily by diffuse reflection from their surface.[7][8] Exceptions include objects with polished (specularly reflecting) surfaces, and objects that themselves emit light. Rayleigh scattering is responsible for the blue color of the sky, and Mie scattering for the white color of the water droplets in clouds.

Available on select days, upgrade your experience with a value pack! Packs available weekends, and daily starting the week before Christmas. Add-ons may be purchased at the Zoo or in advance online with Plan-Ahead tickets.

2020929 — PRINCIPLES A dark field microscope is arranged so that the light source is blocked off.

The time on tickets indicates the half-hour range you will enter the Zoo but does not require a specific exit time. Once admitted to the Zoo at the listed time for the event, you may stay in the park as long as preferred, or until park close. Plan-Ahead tickets must be used on the selected evening, and are not transferrable to other nights.

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Up to this point white objects have been discussed, which do not absorb light. But the above scheme continues to be valid in the case that the material is absorbent. In this case, diffused rays will lose some wavelengths during their walk in the material, and will emerge colored.

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Diffused lighting living room

And, when a colored object has both diffuse and specular reflection, usually only the diffuse component is colored. A cherry reflects diffusely red light, absorbs all other colors and has a specular reflection which is essentially white (if the incident light is white light). This is quite general, because, except for metals, the reflectivity of most materials depends on their refractive index, which varies little with the wavelength (though it is this variation that causes the chromatic dispersion in a prism), so that all colors are reflected nearly with the same intensity.

For guests of all ages, this pack includes one ride on the Holiday Express Train (the popular ride you love, decked out in special seasonal displays), and one set of Holiday Specs diffraction glasses that diffract light into festive shapes and patterns. Family fun for all ages.

For simplicity, "reflections" are spoken of here, but more generally the interface between the small particles that constitute many materials is irregular on a scale comparable with light wavelength, so diffuse light is generated at each interface, rather than a single reflected ray, but the story can be told the same way.

Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection. An ideal diffuse reflecting surface is said to exhibit Lambertian reflection, meaning that there is equal luminance when viewed from all directions lying in the half-space adjacent to the surface.

Fully immerse yourself into a winter wonderland by witnessing the beauty of our reindeer as you walk through the lights and lanterns! Included with admission.

Diffuselight example

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Members: Members save $2 on all Plan-Ahead ticket types. Discount will automatically be applied to all Plan-Ahead Wild Illuminations tickets in the cart once Members log in. Number of tickets discounted is limited to the level of Membership held by the guest.

Wild Illuminations: A Holiday Lantern Experience, presented by UPMC Health Plan, is a fabulously frosty reimagination of the Zoo’s treasured Asian Lantern Festival and Zoo Lights. Guests who have marveled at the handmade silk and steel structures will be amazed by an all-new lineup of sights, sounds, and surprises. More than a million twinkling lights will further enhance our biggest and brightest holiday glow-fest ever! Wintry activities, holiday treats, and a visit by Santa himself will make this your family’s new must-see holiday tradition.

A surface built from a non-absorbing powder such as plaster, or from fibers such as paper, or from a polycrystalline material such as white marble, reflects light diffusely with great efficiency. Many common materials exhibit a mixture of specular and diffuse reflection.

Adult tickets range $24-$34, with child tickets for ages 2-13 priced $3 less than adult tickets. The best prices are available when you buy advance Plan-Ahead tickets for the specific day and time you would like to visit. Entry times are available every 30 minutes. The earlier in the week you purchase tickets, the better the price! Learn about Plan-Ahead Pricing.

Most materials can give some specular reflection, provided that their surface can be polished to eliminate irregularities comparable with the light wavelength (a fraction of a micrometer). Depending on the material and surface roughness, reflection may be mostly specular, mostly diffuse, or anywhere in between. A few materials, like liquids and glasses, lack the internal subdivisions which produce the subsurface scattering mechanism described above, and so give only specular reflection. Among common materials, only polished metals can reflect light specularly with high efficiency, as in aluminum or silver usually used in mirrors. All other common materials, even when perfectly polished, usually give not more than a few percent specular reflection, except in particular cases, such as grazing angle reflection by a lake, or the total reflection of a glass prism, or when structured in certain complex configurations such as the silvery skin of many fish species or the reflective surface of a dielectric mirror. Diffuse reflection can be highly efficient, as in white materials, due to the summing up of the many subsurface reflections.

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Diffuse illuminationslit lamp

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Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can be used to determine the absorption spectra of powdered samples in cases where transmission spectroscopy is not feasible. This applies to UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy or mid-infrared spectroscopy.[9][10]

This mechanism is very general, because almost all common materials are made of "small things" held together. Mineral materials are generally polycrystalline: one can describe them as made of a 3D mosaic of small, irregularly shaped defective crystals. Organic materials are usually composed of fibers or cells, with their membranes and their complex internal structure. And each interface, inhomogeneity or imperfection can deviate, reflect or scatter light, reproducing the above mechanism.