This study employs simulated electronic paper to investigate critical issues and focuses on improving legibility of display and reducing users' visual fatigue. Three critical factors -choice of surface treatment, ambient illumination, and bending curvature -are evaluated through the method of a letter-search task. The results show that subjects performed better on legibility and felt less visual fatigue with an anti-glare treatment. Choosing the better anti-glare treatment instead of the anti-reflection series can save significant cost for manufacturers. In addition, ambient lighting of 1500 lux is more appropriate for reading on electronic paper than an environment with extreme illumination (e.g., 8000 lux). The present study also found that curvature had no impact on legibility or visual fatigue. These evaluations of simulated electronic paper may provide manufacturers useful information in fulfilling ergonomic requirements for product design.

How strong canglarebe compared toambient lightreddit

This study investigated the effects of light source, ambient illuminance, character size, and interline spacing on visual performance and visual fatigue in using commercial electronic paper displays. Regarding visual performance the results showed that display type, character size, interline spacing had significant effects on search time. Electrophoretic electronic ink display had a shorter search time than chlorestic liquid crystal display. Searching time decreased as character size and interline spacing increased. Ambient illumination, display type, character size, and interline spacing had significant effects on accuracy. Accuracy was highest for 1500 lx ambient illumination. Accuracy of electrophoretic electronic ink display was greater than chlorestic liquid crystal display. Accuracy increased as character size and interline spacing increased. Regarding visual fatigue, results showed that light source and ambient illumination had non-significant effects on change of critical flicker fusion (CFF) and subjective visual fatigue. Results could be able to provide some guidelines for consumers to choose a suitable electronic paper according to lighting condition and set appropriate character size and interline spacing.

Visual performance and visual fatigue of electronic paper displays (electrophoretic display and cholesteric liquid crystal display) under ambient illuminances and light sources were studied and compared with paper. Forty-eight participants participated in a character-search task in the experiment. The results showed that search speed depends on the illuminance but not light source. Search speed increased as illumination increased from 300 lx (45.6 sec), 700 lx (44.18 sec) to 1500 lx (43.24 sec). The effect of medium display and polarity on accuracy was also significant. Accuracy was greater for electrophoretic display and positive polarity. However, the effect of illuminance and light source on visual fatigue was not statistically significant. Based on the results of this study, it seems that E-paper displays may need greater illumination (700 lx or higher).

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Is glare 25 times stronger than ambient lightreddit

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The mass digitization of books is changing the way information is created, disseminated and displayed. Electronic book readers (e-readers) generally refer to two main display technologies: the electronic ink (E-ink) and the liquid crystal display (LCD). Both technologies have advantages and disadvantages, but the question whether one or the other triggers less visual fatigue is still open. The aim of the present research was to study the effects of the display technology on visual fatigue. To this end, participants performed a longitudinal study in which two last generation e-readers (LCD, E-ink) and paper book were tested in three different prolonged reading sessions separated by -on average -ten days. Results from both objective (Blinks per second) and subjective (Visual Fatigue Scale) measures suggested that reading on the LCD (Kindle Fire HD) triggers higher visual fatigue with respect to both the E-ink (Kindle Paperwhite) and the paper book. The absence of differences between E-ink and paper suggests that, concerning visual fatigue, the E-ink is indeed very similar to the paper. Citation: Benedetto S, Drai-Zerbib V, Pedrotti M, Tissier G, Baccino T (2013) E-Readers and Visual Fatigue. PLoS ONE 8(12): e83676.

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Legibility of electronic paper was evaluated by using the method of letter-search task and subjective visual comfort scaling. The results show that legibility depends on the illumination level, and conventional paper has a higher visual comfort rating than electronic paper although they ...

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Is glare7 to 10times stronger than ambient light

This study examined the effects of anti-glare surface treatment, ambient illumination and bending curvature on legibility and visual fatigue in reading electronic papers. Results showed that surface treatment significantly affected legibility and visual fatigue, and surface treatment can improve legibility and reduce visual fatigue under intense ambient illumination. However, there is no significant difference on bending curvature. In addition, due to no significant difference between anti-glare 43% haze and anti-glare 7.5% haze, it is suggested that electronic paper manufacturers may use cheaper options for cost consideration.

This study is intended to explore the legibility and visual fatigue of different age users under various surface treatments and reflectance of electronic paper. Through the method of character-search task, the results indicated that compared with single types of treatment [anti-reflection (AR) 0.8%, anti-glare, 43% haze), the compound treatment of anti-reflection and anti-glare (ARC) exhibited the same legibility, and it showed superior properties to effectively reduce visual fatigue. Hence, it is suggested that electronic-paper manufacturers should choose the compound surface treatment for better visual performance. On the other hand, the findings also validated that enhancing the reflectance of electronic paper to the same level as regular paper (about 80%) is worthy to be practically implemented. Based on the results of this study, electronic-paper manufacturers can take useful information to fulfill ergonomic requirements on product design.

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Volume 21, Issue 5, 1 May 2015, Article number 6994851, Pages 638-651), 2015

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Due to a lack of scientific evidence in the sense of TRADITIONAL medicine, science and conventional medicine do not recognise the existence of energetic/information fields, their analysis and harmonization, as well as their usefulness in medicine and other areas. No disease or medical condition is meant to be treated, mitigated, diagnosed, or prevented by the AO Scan system. It is instead designed to provide the user the choice to take information from information fields into account, even in the context of a holistic view, in order to attempt and derive useful information from them if necessary. Here, neither representative data nor data with scientific validation should be taken for granted. In light of this, each user should experiment to determine whether or not the program is useful to them based on their individual experiences. The terminology used in the databases and modules are not effects statements, they have not been examined by a recognized body, and they are not a part of the MDD/conformity MDR’s assessment process. The AO Scan system should only ever be used in line with the Instruction for Use and within the bounds of one’s professional practice, license, or certification. The usage of the AO Scan system shouldn’t be viewed as a replacement for a doctor’s independent judgment, diagnosis, and therapy selection. The therapist is always in charge of providing the proper diagnosis and treatment. The goal is to give the user a tool for potential application evaluation and trial, but it cannot take the place of a doctor. Always question the data from the AO Scan system critically, and if necessary, run it through additional tests. The body’s energy field is transient and ever-changing. Solex//aoscanglobal.com/AO Scan products, programs, and information are used at the user’s own risk, discretion, and independent judgment. SolexLife/Solex/AO Scan firms expressly disclaim liability for any user choices about the use of Solex/AO Scan goods or services outside the bounds of the manual.

How strong canglarebe compared toambient lightpdf

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The intent of this study is to investigate some critical factors that affect legibility and visual fatigue while reading on an electronic-paper display in terms of ergonomics. Anti-reflection surface treatment, ambient illumination, and bending curvature are taken into account to evaluate their effects by using the method of letter-search task. The results showed that the surface treatment with high degrees of anti-reflection significantly improved the legibility and reduces visual fatigue. Thus, electronic-paper manufacturers may choose a much better surface treatment in order to meet ergonomic demand. In addition, the findings in the present study also indicate that subjects reported less visual fatigue on a bending surface of a visual display unit, in comparison with a plane surface. It is proven that these ergonomic evaluations for electronic paper provide manufactures with useful information to design suitable products for users.

We investigated the conjoint effect of screen luminance and ambient illuminance on visual fatigue and arousal during prolonged digital reading (one hour) by means of a multidimensional approach based on eye, performance and subjective measures. Two levels of screen luminance (low, high) and two levels of ambient illuminance (low, high) were tested in a 2x2 between-subjects design in which participants were arbitrarily allocated to four groups, one for each combined level of luminance and illuminance. Results showed that reading under high levels of screen luminance increases visual fatigue, as reflected by a decrease of eye blinks. Concerning arousal, exposure to higher levels of either luminance or illuminance increased alertness and performance. Faster saccades, increased reading speed and less microsaccades were found under high screen luminance. Less regressive saccades and shorter reaction times were observed under high ambient illuminance. However, the reason why some of these measures are sensitive to screen luminance while other to ambient illuminance remains unknown. These findings might have practical implications for the implementation of adaptive brightness solutions and for the online detection of both visual fatigue and arousal levels during digital reading.

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The intent of this study is to determine the minimum ambient illumination requirement for legible electronic-paper display. Not only the young but also the elderly were included as research subjects. Through the method of character-search task, the results indicated that the significant performance improvement of all subjects occurred at 52 lux on the search time and at 62 lux on the subjective visual fatigue. Therefore, the minimum ambient illumination requirement for legible electronic-paper display can be synthesized at 62 lux. This minimum point of ambient illumination for the young and the elderly represents that the reflective-type display started presenting its better legibility and the subjective visual fatigue started decreasing. As electronic-paper display technology applications gradually expand, product designers need notice this fundamental limit of electronic-paper display when they continue to create possible applications in the future.

For example, the lamp's housing appears completely uniform. Without the ambient light added into the render, it would appear uniformly black. Rendering with ...