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Again, Yes! the GEN2 Light Bars are IP67 water and dustproof, (have a look at the Ingress Rating Chart.The lights components are protected from dust and water immersion of up to a metre.

From a security point of view, protecting the whole system means protecting each of its elements. Joe Weiss from Applied Control Solutions said something particularly relevant to this article: “To properly protect you first need to figure out what you have installed in the field and which systems they connected to.”

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Sensors/actuators are “intelligent” or “smart” because they are able to collect various kinds of data from the ambient environment, communicate it to other devices and conduct local processing and control.

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Under these circumstances, it is no surprise that cybercriminals have managed to directly hack into a PLC or target its built-in connectivity functions on several occasions.

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In 2014, an industrial cyberattack on a German steel mill accessed the PLC programming and, possibly, operating systems. From there perpetrators succeeded in decoding the control algorithm, which resulted in massive damage to a blast furnace due to its inability to complete the shutdown procedure.

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IEDs are key components in terms of control at the local level conducted automatically, since they perform logical processing and control.

The latest in optical engineering are hybrid optics. Hybrid optics combine optical projector style lenses with reflector lenses to give the beam of light maximum intensity and an even spray of light. This is so you don't get any black spots or light/dark areas. The led's in the Extreme Series GEN2 light-bars are a custom-designed led that reacts correctly with the hybrid lens technology. In my experience, some lightbar manufacturers simply fit the brightest led they can find into a reflector or projector lens and "hope for the best". This can be wasteful, and with the GEN2 light-bars, the components that make up the led + reflector + projector lens are precision engineered to work perfectly in sync with each other to give you the best lighting effect possible.

Dimitar Kostadinov applied for a 6-year Master’s program in Bulgarian and European Law at the University of Ruse, and was enrolled in 2002 following high school. He obtained a Master degree in 2009. From 2008-2012, Dimitar held a job as data entry & research for the American company Law Seminars International and its Bulgarian-Slovenian business partner DATA LAB. In 2011, he was admitted Law and Politics of International Security to Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands, graduating in August of 2012. Dimitar also holds an LL.M. diploma in Intellectual Property Rights & ICT Law from KU Leuven (Brussels, Belgium). Besides legal studies, he is particularly interested in Internet of Things, Big Data, privacy & data protection, electronic contracts, electronic business, electronic media, telecoms, and cybercrime. Dimitar attended the 6th Annual Internet of Things European summit organized by Forum Europe in Brussels.

These are all base mounts on a slide rail, but you can also get a range of side mountable lights in the GEN2, (contact us for more information). The base mounts on a slide rail are designed so that you can slide the bolt along the bottom rail of the GEN2 to line up with pre-existing bolt holes in your bull bar, or for vehicles that have "tab" lugs for mounting lights on the front of a vehicle. The mounts have a horizontal rotation ability of about 45 degrees so whether you are mounting them on roof racks or bull bars, you still have plenty of adjustment to get the light exactly where you want it.

There is a general need for a device to log all processed data within an ICS and perform different planning and report functions. This need is met by a centralized database that takes care of these activities.

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This is where the interaction between humans and machines happens. The HMI consists of software and hardware components stationed usually in control rooms, where operators can monitor the entire chain of processes under control, change control settings, make configurations concerning control algorithms and exercise local processing and control.

In a nutshell where advanced automation is performed, PACs are a better choice than PLCs due to the fact that they are best suited to handle applications requiring complex controls.

Security features such as encryption may not be popular among PLCs as these devices would work slower, thus presenting a danger of introducing delay into the control loop.

It collects, buffers and provides access to process information from sub-components (PLCs, RTUs and IEDs). Operators can use I/O servers to interact with third-party control components such as a control server or HMI.

There are exceptions with high-pressure hoses, or when exposed to high and low altitudes, or even the pressure system and humidity when they are being assembled in the factory, but if you see moisture or fog in a light when you wake up one morning after big trek through the mountains or from a high-pressure hose clean the day before, you can easily take off one side of the light, light it up, and dry it out. Sensitive components inside most lights are sealed.

To date, we have not found a light-bar that will give you the largest area of light as the GEN2 extreme series lightbars.The GEN2 lightbar has flood lenses on each end, and hybrid lenses in the middle. The flood lenses give you an almost 180-degree angle of light directly off each side of the light. The hybrid lenses in the middle give you as much distance as possible while still filling in the areas immediately in front of the vehicle.When you check out the product, have a look at the image of a comparison between this years 22 inch GEN2 Extreme Series and last years 22 inch phantom quad row to see the difference of the beam pattern. The GEN2 use less power and produce more light than last years phantom quad row lights.If you want a light for your bull bar or roof rack, the GEN2 extreme is our pick as the light bar that literally lights up everything. It makes it safer driving at night when you go on an adventure in the outback or up the beach for a weekend away fishing.

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Logging data is to be exported periodically to the corporate IS, where it may serve various purposes: statistical process control, process analysis and planning, among other things.

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It is the control server that communicates with subordinate control devices across an ICS network via supervisory control software.

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Control systems cybersecurity expert Joe Weiss is of the opinion that “[p]rotective relay issues can have real impacts. The 2008 Florida outage shut down power to approximately half the state of Florida for 8 hours because of relay setpoint changes, the 2015 Ukrainian hack shut down power to 230,000 customers by remotely opening breakers, refinery equipment was damaged from using wrong relay settings, and a nuclear plant experienced a loss-of-off-site power condition (the Fukushima condition) after every plant scram because of wrong relay settings.” (Source)

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Modern PLCs resemble PACs a lot, blurring the lines between the identities of these components. Yet PACs differentiate themselves from PLCs with their more open architecture and modular design. Moreover, PACs have the ability to control and monitor a larger number of complex or high-speed analog I/O (e.g., in a complex automation system or an enormous processing plant).

The light bars themselves have a wide voltage parameter of 9-60V DC. We ship them out with a relay harness and switch, the relays are 12v, so if you need a 24v relay, let us know and we can send one out, or your auto electrician can easily swap it out for a 24v relay for a few dollars, (we used to sell 12v and 24v relays for around $3.50ea). The switches are 12v/24v compatible.

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RTUs are field devices equipped with wireless and wired interfaces that support data acquisition and control in remote SCADA stations.

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We want to make your purchasing experience as easy and as complete as possible. We include a relay harness and switch with every light, you also have the option if requested for us to give you a high beam headlight adapter, (but we need to know which type you need, and in some cases such as a negatively switched vehicle, an auto electrician is our advice for hooking up to high beams).The purchase price also includes freight costs, and if you need other extras like a 24v relay or bar clamps, we are happy to give you them for free for standard applications.The GEN2 comes with a 5yr limited warranty, (this means if skippy jumps out in front of you when you're doing 130k down the highway, not only will you need a new front end, but a new light bar as well).You also will get all the brackets and bolts, screws, washers, spring washers, nuts etc.. in with the lights, we do endeavour to make sure you are 100% satisfied with our service and our products, every time you want lights we want you to give us a call, after being in business for over 20yrs our customers are the most important part of our business and your feedback and suggestions are always welcome.

As the name suggests, the MTU (which is also called the SCADA server) operates as a master server in an ICS network, whereas PLC devices and remote telemetry units (RTUs) that are dispersed all over the field sides operate as slaves. In short, this device sends commands to RTUs in the field.

Each measured item is assigned a tagname, timestamp, value and data quality indicator. Historians log data records for all these data points and store them in the form of a series of secure binary files that provide the option of fast retrieval.

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Sometimes RTUs are integrated with Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) in one unit. Examples of local operations controlled by these field devices are monitoring of local environment, gathering data from sensor systems and opening/closing of valves and breakers.

All that sounds very convenient, but convenience sometimes comes at a price. Case in point: With added ICS specific features, the BlackEnergy 2 Malware was able to target internet-enabled HMIs. The goal was reconnaissance of the ICS environment, not disruption.

This term usually denominates an automation controller that incorporates higher-level instructions, since a PAC combines the capability of a PC with the functionality of a PLC.

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Knowing more about the ICS environment is crucial if you want to ensure everything there works how it’s supposed to. As you can see, each part of the system is there for a reason.

The technology in thermal management is governed by everything from the circuit board and components, right down to the structure and quality of the aluminium housing. I have seen a molecular drawing of how they engineer the aluminium and it looks like a kind of spiral on the molecular level which draws away the heat from the led's, this in turn gives the led a much longer life and less illumination degradation over time than a lot of light bars out on the market.Another feature of the extreme series is that the aluminium housings are lightweight, so if you are mounting them to tabs you don't have to worry about them buckling or jarring and snapping off.

These field components perform most activities in the system. PLCs accommodate a wide range of input and output signals to sense environments and monitor and control industrial machines (e.g., power devices such as motors, relays and actuators). In essence, a PLC is basically a control component, as it provides management feedback from control devices such as actuators and sensors. It keeps data and operating procedures in their memory and transfer data only if prompted by the MTU.

The GEN2 Extreme Series are available in an 11", 14", 17", 19", 22" 28", 36", 40", and 44" to give you a wide range of choices to suit your needs. The compact and lightweight design ensure that the GEN2 LED bar lights will fit in tight spaces, (they are only 80mm high and 65mm deep). Under the first product listing, you can choose any out of the entire range of sizes, and we have also listed four of the most popular sizes below, ( 19", 22", 28", and 36").

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Operators can also use the HMI to issue manual overrides in case of an emergency. In practice, an HMI can be a dedicated server to a program on a computer accessed through remote desktop sessions. A graphical user interface (GUI) application can also show status information and historical data amassed by all devices in the ICS system.

All components that are discussed in this writing can be found in the two types of ICSes: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Distributed Control System (DCS). An ICS environment often combines SCADA and DCS technologies in order to incorporate attributes from both systems.

Most people when they read a lux chart look at the 1lux or .05lux on the chart.  Although this is a good measurement if you want to get a gauge on the light on a massive signpost 1km down the road, the best lux to look at when you're in the drivers seat is around 200-300lux (in my opinion), so no matter what lux chart you look at on any website or chart, check out how far 200-300lux is and you may get a better visual idea of what distance you are going to see clearly at.