In conventional home electrical systems (120/240VAC), wire is sized primarily for safe amperage carrying capacity (ampacity). The overriding concern is fire safety. In low voltage systems (12, 24, 48VDC) the overriding concern is power loss. Wire must not be sized merely for the ampacity, because there is less tolerance for voltage drop (except for very short runs). For example, a 1V drop from 12V causes 10 times the power loss of 1V drop from 120V.

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WATER WELL PUMPS: Consider a slow-pumping, low power system with a storage tank to accumulate water. This reduces both wire and pipe sizes where long lifts or runs are involved. A PV array-direct pumping system may eliminate a long wire run by using a separate PV array located close to the pump. The SunRise Submersible, Solar Slowpump, Flowlight Booster Pump and Solar Force Piston Pump are highly efficient DC pumps that are available up to 48V. We also make AC versions and converters to allow use of AC transmitted over great distances. These pumps draw less running current, and far less starting current than conventional AC pumps, thus greatly reducing wire size requirements.

Step 2 – Determine appropriate wire size from the chart below. Compare your calculated VDI with VDI in the chart to determine the closest wire size. Ampacity rating of wire size must be at least 125% of the continuous current passing through it.

For your convenience, we offer several delivery options:- In-store Collection: Collect your order at our Johannesburg shop.- Courier Door-to-Door: We partner with various couriers for door-to-door shipments.- Postnet: Collect your order at your nearest Postnet.

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Use the following chart as your primary tool in solving wire sizing problems. It replaces many pages of older sizing charts. You can apply it to any working voltage, at any percent voltage drop.

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- You'll need to ship the product back via Postnet, Courier, or bring it to the shop.- We can arrange the courier at your cost if needed.- We'll assess the returned item before sending a replacement or processing a refund.- Make sure to package the item securely - any damage from poor packaging is your responsibility.- There won't be any "Free Shipping" on exchanged packages.- We'll credit the product cost but not the shipping.- Refunds (if applicable) will be processed using the original payment method.- If the item is out of stock, you can either wait or receive a refund.

A general rule is to size the wire for approximately 2-3% drop at typical load. When that turns out to be very expensive, consider some of the following advice. Different electrical circuits have different tolerances for voltage drop.

- We'll cover the return shipping costs, or you can bring the item to our shop.- Photos of any damage or missing parts are required.- We'll assess the returned item before sending a replacement or processing a refund.- Make sure to package the item securely - any damage from poor packaging is the client's responsibility.- New products will be sent after assessing the returned item.- Refunds (if applicable) will be processed using the original payment method.- If the item is out of stock, you can either wait or receive a refund.- Products returned with missing/incomplete/damaged packaging will incur a 35% fee.

WIND GENERATOR CIRCUITS: At most locations, a wind generator produces its full rated current only during occasional windstorms or gusts. If wire sized for low loss is large and very expensive, you may consider sizing for a voltage drop as high as 10% at the rated current. That loss will only occur occasionally, when energy is most abundant. Consult the wind system’s instruction manual.

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AC INDUCTION MOTORS are commonly found in large power tools, appliances and well pumps. They exhibit very high surge demands when starting. Significant voltage drop in these circuits may cause failure to start and possible motor damage. Follow the National Electrical Code. In the case of a well pump, follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

This chart works for any voltage or voltage drop, American (AWG) or metric (mm2) sizing. It applies to typical DC circuits and to some simple AC circuits (single-phase AC with resistive loads, not motor loads, power factor = 1.0, line reactance negligible).

We understand that returns are sometimes necessary, but to ensure the best shopping experience for all our customers, we do monitor return activity. Customers who exceed our return limits or show patterns of frequent returns may be subject to return restrictions.- Customers are allowed a maximum of 3 returns per year. Exceeding this limit may result in restrictions on future returns or exchanges.- Exceeding this limit may result in a 10% restocking fee on the purchase order amount for any additional returns.- Accounts with a high frequency of returns may be flagged for review. Customers with flagged accounts will be contacted by our customer service team and may face restrictions on their return privileges.- We reserve the right to refuse service or limit returns or exchanges in situations where we suspect return abuse, such as excessive returns, use of products prior to return, or returns of items not in their original condition.We hope this policy helps provide clarity on our warranty and returns process. If you have any further questions, please don't hesitate to reach out to our friendly customer service team.

In-store Collection:- Notify us in advance if you'd like to collect your order at our walk-in shop.- Select "Collection" as the delivery method during checkout.- If someone else is collecting on your behalf, provide them with your order number as a reference.Courier Door-to-Door:- We use various couriers for door-to-door deliveries, dispatched from our Johannesburg branch on weekdays only.- Delivery times range from 1 to 5 days, depending on parcel size, courier, and location.- Small parcels (<2kg) typically move by air if there's an SAA-serviced airport near you; larger parcels move by road and may take a bit longer.- For outlying areas, allow additional time as some are serviced only once a week.- Deliveries are made to the provided physical address on weekdays during business hours.- A tracking number will be sent to you via email.- Orders confirmed and paid by midday are usually shipped the same day; otherwise, they will be shipped the next day.- We insure our parcels and accept responsibility for them until signed for by you.- Estimated delivery times are guidelines; while most deliveries occur within these periods, we can't guarantee them as they depend on factors beyond our control.Postnet:- Shipments are dispatched from our Johannesburg branch on weekdays.- Postnet parcels take 2 to 4 days to reach the destination branch.- A tracking number will be sent to you via email.- We insure our parcels and accept responsibility until they are signed for by you.- Estimated delivery times are guidelines, and while most deliveries occur within these periods, we can't guarantee them due to factors beyond our control.- If your parcel is too heavy or large for the selected shipping method, we may suggest an alternative method, striving to meet the original delivery timeframe.Free Delivery:- We offer free delivery on orders over a specified value unless otherwise stated.- Free delivery parcels are shipped using our discretion. If you prefer a specific shipping method, please select it during checkout (at your cost).Shipping to Addresses Outside of South Africa:- Unfortunately, we do not ship to addresses outside of South Africa.- Once payment is finalized, you may arrange your own courier to collect from our Johannesburg store.- Tax, VAT, duties, bank charges, and all related costs, including those for returns, are the buyer's responsibility.- Free shipping discounts do not apply to international orders.

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DC MOTORS may be used in renewable energy systems, especially for water pumps. They operate at 10-50% higher efficiencies than AC motors, and eliminate the costs and losses associated with inverters. DC motors do NOT have excessive power surge demands when starting, unlike AC induction motors. Voltage drop during the starting surge simply results in a “soft start”.

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- Malfunctioning or non-functioning product- Faulty components or assembly- Defects that impair the product's intended use- Issues with materials or workmanship- Flaws in the design or engineering

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NOTES: AWG = American Wire Gauge. Ampacity is based on the National Electrical Code (USA) for 30°C (85°F) ambient air temperature, for no more than three insulated conductors in raceway in free air of cable types AC, NM, NMC and SE; and conductor insulation types TA, TBS, SA, AVB, SIS, RHH, THHN and XHHW. For other conditions, refer to National Electric Code or an engineering handbook.

PV BATTERY CHARGING CIRCUITS are critical because voltage drop can cause a disproportionate loss of charge current. To charge a battery, a generating device must apply a higher voltage than already exists within the battery. That’s why most PV modules are made for 16-18V peak power point. A voltage drop greater than 5% will reduce this necessary voltage difference, and can reduce charge current to the battery by a much greater percentage. Our general recommendation here is to size for a 2-3% voltage drop. If you think that the PV array may be expanded in the future, size the wire for future expansion. Your customer will appreciate that when it comes time to add to the array.

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ALUMINUM WIRE may be more economical than copper for some main lines. Power companies use it because it is cheaper than copper and lighter in weight, even though a larger size must be used. It is safe when installed to code with AL-rated terminals. You may wish to consider it for long, expensive runs of #2 or larger. The cost difference fluctuates with the metals market. It is stiff and hard to bend, and not rated for submersible pumps.

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At CameraStuff, we're committed to providing you with a hassle-free experience. That's why all the gear you purchase from us comes with a local warranty, so you don't have to worry about sending items away for issues. We're right here to help you out.

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SOLAR TRACKING: Use a solar tracker (by Zomeworks) so that a smaller array can be used, particularly in high summer-use situations (tracking gains the most energy in summer when the sun takes the longest arc through the sky). The smaller PV array will require smaller wire.

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LIGHTING CIRCUITS, FLUORESCENT: Voltage drop causes a nearly proportional drop in light output. Fluorescents use 1/2 to 1/3 the current of incandescent or QH bulbs for the same light output, so they can use smaller wire. We advocate use of quality fluorescent lights. Buzz, flicker and poor color rendition are eliminated in most of today’s compact fluorescents, electronic ballasts and warm or full spectrum tubes.

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PV-DIRECT SOLAR WATER PUMP circuits should be sized not for the nominal voltage (i.e. 24V) but for the actual working voltage (in that case approximately 34V). Without a battery to hold the voltage down, the working voltage will be around the peak power point voltage of the PV array.

LIGHTING CIRCUITS, INCANDESCENT AND QUARTZ HALOGEN (QH): Don’t cheat on these! A 5% voltage drop causes an approximate 10% loss in light output. This is because the bulb not only receives less power, but the cooler filament drops from white-hot towards red-hot, emitting much less visible light.

- Return products within 60 days in original, undamaged, and resellable condition.- Full exchange or refund provided (excluding delivery charges).- Products with missing/incomplete/damaged packaging will incur a 35% fee.- Return products to the point of purchase.- Returns and exchanges processed upon product receipt.

CameraStuff is your dedicated creative partner in South Africa for all visual storytelling needs. Our passionate team of photography and videography experts offers friendly advice and a wide selection of camera gear, lighting, and backdrops for creators at every level. Experience fast, reliable nationwide delivery or visit our welcoming store in Blairgowrie, Johannesburg for hands-on guidance. Shop with confidence thanks to our 60-day money-back guarantee on all purchases. From beginners to pros, hobbyists to full-time professionals, CameraStuff is committed to your creative journey.

Before finalizing your order, you can enter your postal code during checkout to see available shipping options and their associated costs:- JHB and Pretoria (within 30km radius of CBD): R80.00- Major City with SAA Airport (within 30km radius of CBD): R120.00- Outlying Areas: R240.00- Postnet Small Parcel (<5kg): R120.00- Collection at Randburg Branch: No charge

HIGH VOLTAGE PV MODULES: Consider using higher voltage modules (18+ volts peak power point, like our BP-585 and BP-590) to compensate for excessive voltage drop. In some cases of long distance, the increased module cost may be lower than the cost of larger wire.

Your satisfaction is our top priority! If you're unhappy with your purchase, just let us know and we'll be happy to arrange an exchange or refund. We offer a 60-day money-back guarantee (unless stated otherwise), so you have plenty of time to decide if the product is right for you.The refund will cover the product cost, but we'll have to exclude the initial and return shipping charges. We'll refund you through the original payment method whenever possible. Just make sure to return the item securely packed and using a trackable, insured shipping method.

Properly sized wire can make the difference between inadequate and full charging of a battery system, between dim and bright lights, and between feeble and full performance of tools and appliances. Designers of low voltage power circuits are often unaware of the implications of voltage drop and wire size.