If you’re interested in finding out which type of lens you should add to your gear kit, it helps to learn more about how they work and see the kinds of images they are capable of producing. When used to your advantage, one or both lenses can help you become a more efficient and successful photographer.

One way to think of small camera sensors is that, essentially, they are crops of bigger sensors. In fact, they are often called “crop-sensor cameras” for this very reason.

However, cropping does change your photo’s field of view (again, “field of view” is how much of the scene is in your photo). Although that may sound obvious, it is very important to internalize.

“Nodal point” may sound complicated, but it is simply the point where light converges in a lens. Here’s a simple diagram showing the focal length of a lens, based upon this definition:

1. Ultra-wide lenses have a focal length of less than 24mm (all of these numbers are in full-frame terms). They capture incredibly broad views. However, because of this, they often present a distorted or exaggerated view of the world. They are great lenses for landscape photography, and they’re fun for special effects if you get up close to your subject. Also, if you do real estate photography or architectural photography, you’ll definitely want one of these lenses in your bag to capture full interiors.

When you know what a telephoto lens is, you know that it reduces the sense of depth in the image. A telephoto lens makes the objects in the background look bigger and closer to the foreground objects. Wide lenses do the opposite and make background objects look smaller and further away from the camera.

Nasim Mansurov wrote an excellent article on Equivalent Focal Length and Field of View that covers this topic in more detail. If you want to learn more about crop factor and effective focal length, give it a look.

You can read more information on prime lenses versus zoom lenses here. Most photographers use a combination of prime and zoom lenses in order to get the advantages of both.

Unfortunately, the longer the focal length, the darker your image gets. To solve this, some higher-end telephoto lenses are integrated with a wider maximum aperture or iris opening to allow more light to enter the lens.

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If you’re trying to understand different focal lengths, you can think of higher values (like 500mm) as more “zoomed in,” whereas lower values (like 20mm) are more “zoomed out.”

As the name suggests, wide-angle lenses offer a wider angle of view of 64° to 180°. Interchangeable wide-angle lenses have shorter focal lengths marked as smaller numbers. These are 34mm and below, where the field of view starts becoming wider than what “normal” lenses offer.

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Many photographers misunderstand the concept of focal length. Contrary to what some people think, the focal length of a camera lens is not the lens’s physical length, and it has little to do with its overall size. So, what is focal length? This article will explain the answer, including how to decide which focal length is right for your style of photography.

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If you need to magnify a distant subject, opt for a telephoto lens. Meanwhile, if you’re a landscape or architectural photographer, make sure to carry a wide-angle lens. For portraiture, and anything else in between, you can’t go wrong with a Nifty Fifty in your bag.

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Because using a different sensor size is basically like cropping, your camera sensor size will change your photo’s field of view.

Focallength formula

You’ll also notice that the center of the image looks much further away when shooting from the ground. This results in an exaggerated perspective that adds depth and gives your viewers more to look at.

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When choosing a refractive telephoto lens vs a mirror telephoto lens, it is important to remember that while refractive lenses are more expensive, they have a much higher image quality overall and are more commonly used.

Prime lenses have a single, fixed focal length. For example, a 50mm f/1.8 lens (one of the most common and popular lenses ever, from any brand) is considered a prime lens.

Crop factor is also surprisingly simple. The definition of crop factor is: the size of a full-frame camera sensor, relative to the size of your camera sensor (measured diagonally).

Therefore, when the MTF camera has a 60mm focal length lens, the full‑frame camera will require a 120mm focal length lens to obtain an equivalent field of view.

As for the specific focal range, you will have to gain more experience in shooting at different focal lengths. Being able to see the variety of resulting angles of view for yourself is really the best way to choose perfect lenses that will be beneficial for your chosen type of photography.

Their names are pretty self-explanatory, but once you’ve upgraded to a DSLR or mirrorless camera that gives you a chance to shoot interchangeably with both types of lenses — like the Canon EOS R5, the Sony Alpha a7S III, or the Nikon D850 — you’ll realize that they do so much more than offer two different fields of view. In this guide we compare and contrast telephoto lens and wide angle lenses.

The term “telephoto” is also a general term to describe lenses with focal lengths that create a narrow field of view beyond 80mm. However, they are divided into three categories:

After learning about the unique effects that wide-angle and telephoto lenses can produce, you’ll realize that the lenses shouldn’t be confused with each other. When it comes to choosing between the two, it comes down to specific needs for a zoomed-in telephoto vs wide-angle perspective.

It can be overwhelming for any beginner to choose their first lens/lenses from the wide variety of choices available for every brand of camera. The simple solution is usually to go for a good walkaround lens that offers a good focal range that suits nearly all types of photography. But once you gain experience and begin to feel the need to expand your gear, you’ll eventually want to consider lenses that offer “extreme” focal lengths. Both wide-angle and telephoto (or zoom) lenses are invaluable to photographers. They offer fields of views that we can’t see with the human eye.

Telephoto lenses are extremely varied in their features and capabilities. They’re used in a variety of applications, but one commonality among all telephoto lenses is the ability to display a focal length that’s larger than their actual physical length. This is achieved in one of two ways: with refraction or with mirrors.

Can you help me understand how a 60mm f2.8 macro lens is described as being 120 mm and, at the same time, equivalent to 35 mm focal length. I am completely bewildered.

Both wide-angle and telephoto (or zoom) lenses are invaluable to photographers. They offer fields of views that we can’t see with the human eye. Their names are pretty self-explanatory, but once you’ve upgraded to a DSLR or mirrorless camera that gives you a chance to shoot interchangeably with both types of lenses, you’ll realize that they do so much more than offer two different fields of view.

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5. Super-telephoto lenses have focal lengths exceeding 300 mm. They are often used for photographing wildlife, sports, and other small or distant subjects. These lenses can be very large and heavy and may require the use of a tripod to support them. They are also very expensive, sometimes over $10,000. However, there are less expensive options available, too, especially if you get a used or refurbished copy.

As you change focal length, you will change what’s in your photo. You may choose a wide-angle lens (like 20mm) if you want to capture a grand landscape. Meanwhile, you may choose a telephoto lens (like 500mm) if you want to zoom in on a distant bird.

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Zoom lenses are convenient because they allow you to access more than one focal length, without needing to change lenses. However, compared to prime lenses, they tend to be heavier, slightly less sharp, and worse in low light. There are exceptions, but they can be very expensive.

The most obvious reason for using a telephoto lens is the need to get in on the action. You’ll be able to “get closer” to the scene without actually moving closer. But given its heavier build, not everybody can use and afford medium to super telephoto lenses. So before you invest in a telephoto lens, figure out whether or not the following reflects your photographic goals:

Because of the large field of view of wide-angle lenses, filters may block the corners of the image. The effect is called vignetting. It often appears when you use ultra-wide lenses or multiple filters. You don’t have to worry about filter vignetting with a telephoto lens.

Photographic subjects appear larger when you use long focal length lenses, which is why such lenses are so popular for wildlife photography and sports photography. With a long enough lens, you can easily make a subject look larger-than-life.

Again, all of these numbers are written in full-frame terms. If you have a crop-sensor camera, you will need to find your equivalent focal lengths by dividing these numbers by 1.5, 2, or whatever your crop factor is.

Hopefully, now you can see why focal length is so important in photography. As photographers, the single most important thing is, quite simply, what’s in your photo!

Lenses are named by their focal length. You can find this information on the barrel of the lens, and almost every camera lens ever made will prominently display the focal length. For example, a 50mm lens has a focal length of 50 millimeters.

Telephoto lenses have longer focal lengths and are great for bringing distant scenes and subjects closer. Like wide-angle lenses, they come in both prime (fixed focal length) and zoom varieties.

Focaldistance vsfocallength

Without getting into an in-depth physics discussion, the focal length of a lens is an optical property of the lens. The exact definition is: Focal length measures the distance, in millimeters, between the “nodal point” of the lens and the camera’s sensor.

For most traditional applications, consider using a wide angle and ultra wide angle option. They provide the best balance of field of view and visual quality. Fisheye lenses are known for their curved lines and strange perspective, which can be stylistically useful for some applications, but quite jarring in others.

I agree that this post is very user friendly, without jargon but explain relevant jargon simultaneously. Thank you, a simple concept but one often taken for granted by inexperienced photographers.

A zoom lens, on the other hand, has a variable focal length. Some popular zoom lens ranges include 18-55mm, 24-105mm, and 70-200mm lenses. Of course, there are many other examples.

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Field of view is the obvious difference in the wide-angle vs. telephoto lenses comparison. A wide-angle lens provides a wide field of view and allows you to capture more of the scene in front of view. On the other hand, a telephoto lens has a narrower field of view.

FOV tofocallength

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If you have any questions, feel free to ask in the comment section below, and Photography Life’s team of professional photographers will work hard to provide an answer.

What you really need to know is that lenses with long focal lengths bring objects closer, like a telescope. And, on the flip side, wide angle lenses are great for capturing large vistas.

That’s where the concept of “crop factor” comes in. Crop factor takes the guesswork out of converting lenses across cameras.

That brings us to the concept of camera sensor size. Digital cameras today come with a wide variety of camera sensor sizes, depending on the manufacturer and camera model. For example, a full-frame camera sensor has the same size as traditional 35mm-style film (specifically, 36 by 24 millimeters). From there, other cameras have larger and smaller sensors.

As you can see, wide-angle lenses bring in more of the scene. This can be very useful when you want to include more elements into the frame, add context, and provide an environment for your subject.

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Very user friendly article. Thank you. I have just ordered a Fuji 18-55 lens which I am hoping is a bit of an upgrade from the current 16-50 so will try out what I have learned when I get it.

Aside from being able to “zoom in” with the optics rather than digitally where only the pixels on the screen are magnified, telephoto lenses affect the relative size of your subject to the background and compresses them together. This makes your background look bigger and closer to your subject—as if your subject is leaning against the background.

The MFT camera sensor ‘sees’ only half of the field of view of the full‑frame sensor, when using lenses having the same focal length on both cameras.

In terms of size, telephoto lenses are longer and, as a result, heavier and harder to manipulate. Because they have a short focal length, wide lenses are shorter and thus lightweight and easy to handle.

As you can see from the diagram above, focal length is determined when the lens is focused on something very far away – in other words, focused to infinity.

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Take a look at the following demonstration. The four photos shown below were taken at increasing focal lengths. The photos start at 25mm and end at 140mm:

With the edges of the frame stretched out, lines and horizons end up looking curved. This distortion doesn’t always look good, particularly when shooting portraits. That’s why it’s important to know when you should and shouldn’t use it.

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To make it easier to talk about focal length, photographers generally divide lenses into five main descriptive categories.

Sometimes, it can be very useful to convert lenses between different sensor sizes. For example, maybe your favorite photographer loves using 50mm lenses – but that photographer shoots with a full-frame camera, and you shoot with a crop-sensor camera. How do you know which focal length will provide the same field of view on your camera?

Focallength camera

Hello! I’ve been enjoying your articles very much, they’re super helpful! I was wondering if there was anywhere you may be able to direct me to in order to learn about how close or far away your should be from your subject with different lenses and in different shooting situations? I think that’s the next piece of the puzzle I’m looking to understand. Thank you!

Nikon’s APS-C cameras have a roughly 1.5× crop factor. Canon’s APS-C camera sensors are very similar in size, but since they are slightly smaller, they have a 1.6× crop factor. Meanwhile, Micro Four-Thirds cameras have even smaller sensors with a crop factor of 2.0×. Smartphones and point-and-shoot cameras have increasingly more extreme crop factors than this, such as 4× and 5×.

Finally, the more you photos that you take, the better you’ll understand focal length. Most full-time photographers have a good mental image of the difference between two different focal lengths – say, 24mm versus 35mm – and they can quickly pick the right lens for the photo they’re about to take. With practice, you’ll get to that point, too!

It’s important to understand the definition of focal length as a photographer, but don’t get hung up on the technical terms or math-related concepts.

Again – similar to cropping a photo in post-processing – you will change your photo’s field of view by changing the camera’s sensor size.

It can be overwhelming for any beginner to choose their first lens/lenses from the wide variety of choices available for every brand of camera. The simple solution is usually to go for a good walkaround lens that offers a good focal range that suits nearly every type of photography. But once you gain experience and begin to feel the need to expand your gear, you’ll eventually want to consider lenses that offer “extreme” focal lengths.

Focal length is important because it relates to the field of view of a lens – that is, how much of the scene you’ll capture. It also explains how large or small a subject in your photo will appear.

Focal length is a property of the lens itself, not the camera. For example, a 50mm lens is a 50mm lens, regardless of whether on a full frame, cropped sensor, or medium format camera. However, the size of the sensor does play a role in how your photos will look at a particular focal length – more about that in a minute.

No, you haven’t. As explained earlier, focal length is an innate property of a lens. It’s the distance between the nodal point and the camera sensor, so it isn’t something that cropping affects.

There are three distinct types of lenses within the category of wide angle lenses: wide, ultra wide, and fisheye. Lenses in the 24-35mm range are considered wide angle, 18-24mm are ultra wide angle, and anything wider than 18mm generally falls under the category of a fisheye lens.

Converginglens

4. Telephoto lenses have focal lengths between 70mm and 300mm. They are regularly used by wildlife photographers to get closer to their subjects without being seen. They are also popular for portrait photography, and a surprising number of landscape photographers use them to capture more abstract or close-up detail photos. One feature of these lenses is that they easily isolate a subject from its background using a shallow depth of field. So, you’ll need to make sure you focus more carefully with such lenses.

This 60mm focal length lens is produced for Micro Four Thirds (MFT) system cameras. MFT cameras have an 18mm × 13.5mm sensor, which is approximately half the linear size (quarter the areal size) of the 36mm × 24mm sensor in full‑frame cameras. Full‑frame is also known as: • 35 mm format • full‑frame camera • full‑frame format • full‑frame image sensor • FX format • 135 format (the 35 mm film format as specified in ISO 1007 Photography — 135‑size film and magazine — Specifications)

Full-frame camera sensors are about 43 millimeters long diagonally. So, if your camera has a sensor with a 28 millimeter diagonal, then your crop factor is simply 43÷28. This equals approximately 1.5.

Then there are some expensive cameras which go in the opposite direction, since their sensors are even larger than full-frame. For example, Fuji’s medium-format GFX 100S has a crop factor of 0.79×!

For another way to visualize this phenomenon, consider the illustration below. It shows the approximate field of view of three different lenses: a 500mm lens at one extreme, a 20mm lens at the other extreme, and then a 50mm lens, which is considered a “normal” lens. (The angles shown below are based off of a full-frame camera.)

Depth of field is another feature you can’t ignore in making your wide-angle vs. telephoto decision. If you want to have the entire scene in focus, you need a deep depth of field, therefore, a wide-angle lens. Conversely, if you need to create a shallow depth of field and blur the background, it is easier done with a telephoto lens, as the depth of field decrease with longer focal lengths.

3. Standard lenses / normal lenses have focal lengths between 35mm and 70mm. They capture the world in a way very similar to how our eyes see. They have minimal perspective distortion, so they are a favorite of many types of photographers. Street photographers and event photographers will use them as good “default” lenses, whereas landscape photographers will use them for scenes that don’t demand the sweeping, wide-angle view.

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2. Wide-angle lenses have an equivalent focal length in the range of 24mm to 35mm. These lenses still take in a wide view and are often used by landscape and architectural photographers. That said, they have less perspective distortion than an ultra-wide lens, so they usually won’t look as exaggerated and don’t usually give very unusual effects.

That’s not a hypothetical example, either! Lots of cameras have a crop factor of 1.5×. If you have one of these cameras, just multiply your lens’s focal length by 1.5 to find your “effective focal length” on a full-frame camera. For example, if you have a 50mm lens on your 1.5× camera, it would match a 75mm lens on a full-frame camera.

The image below illustrates this. It was taken with the full-frame Nikon D800 and Nikon’s 24-70mm f/2.8 zoom lens, zoomed to 44mm. If you were to put this same lens on the Nikon D500 (a crop-sensor camera with the “APS-C” sensor size) without changing anything, it would still be a 24-70mm lens at 44mm. However, the crop sensor of the D500 would lead to a narrower field of view, shown by the red box below, labeled APS-C / DX.

When paired with a shallow depth of field, this compression will give you bigger and smoother-looking bokeh than if you were using a wide-angle lens. This cool technique can be useful when you want to bring your background into the shot while effectively highlighting your subject with focus.

Elizabeth grew up in Vancouver, on the beautiful West Coast of Canada. In 2012 she relocated to Houston Texas for two years and then moved to Gautier, Mississippi in July of 2014 for another three years. Now back in Vancouver, Elizabeth runs photography workshops and teaches many aspects of photography. Her areas of interest are widespread and include street, wildlife, nature, architecture, macro and long exposures. She is particularly passionate about black and white images. You can see more of her work on her website at www.photographybyelizabethgray.com or on Instagram at photosbyelizabethgray

Focallength

While the technical definition of focal length may be relevant to some people, as photographers, it is more important to understand is what focal length looks like!

When shooting wider with an ultra-wide angle or fisheye lens at focal lengths wider than 14mm, the image starts to become distorted at the outside edges of the frame. This type of lens can definitely create unique images. Though not all photographers can benefit from using a wide-angle lens due to the distortions that it creates.