It is generally considered to be effective in incapacitating an attacker. However, their effectiveness can be impacted by a variety of factors, including the attacker's size and physical condition, the location of the product’s contact points, and the duration of the electric bolt.   Additionally, these are not always 100% effective and there is no guarantee that they will work as intended.

NIBRSdata download

The transition from the UCR Summary Reporting System to the National Incident-Based Reporting System marks a significant evolution in crime data collection and analysis in the United States. While NIBRS promises more detailed and comprehensive data, statisticians need to be aware of the implementation challenges during this transition period. As more law enforcement agencies adopt NIBRS, the potential for more accurate and insightful crime analysis grows, ultimately enabling us to conduct more compelling analyses of national crime data.

A self defense stun gun delivers an electric shock to an attacker. It's designed to incapacitate the attacker, giving the user time to escape or call for help. It is often used by law enforcement agencies as a non-lethal alternative to firearms.

Stun laws vary from state to state and country to country. In the United States, this product is legal in most states, but there are some restrictions. For example, some states require a permit to carry one, while others have restrictions on the type of stun that can be carried.  It is important to check with your local law enforcement for the most up-to-date information.

NIBRSvs UCR

The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program was established in 1930 by the FBI to generate reliable crime statistics for law enforcement administration, operation, and management. It has been the primary source of crime data in the United States for decades.

The UCR's Summary Reporting System (SRS) is the best known component of the UCR. About 18,000 law enforcement agencies, including municipal police departments, sheriff's departments, campus police, transit police, park police, and many other agencies, reported monthly counts of Part 1 crimes (murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson), often called "index crimes." The SRS also tracked monthly counts of Part II crimes, such as simple assault, fraud, vandalism, drug offenses, and driving under the influence. Even though reporting to the SRS was voluntary, almost all law enforcement agencies reported their data, offering fairly comprehensive coverage of crimes reported to the police in the United States.

One disadvantage of using it is that it's a close-range weapon, meaning the user has to be close to the attacker to use it effectively. This product can also be less effective against attackers who are under the influence of drugs or alcohol.  Additionally, it can have a negative effect on bystanders who may experience the shock as well.

NIBRSdata

In conclusion, this product can be an effective non-lethal option for individuals who are looking for an alternative to firearms. However, it's important to understand the limitations and risks associated with using it. As with any other weapon, it's also important to receive proper training and education on how to use it safely and effectively.

NIBRS2023

American Statistical Association732 North Washington StreetAlexandria, VA 22314-1943Email: asainfo@amstat.orgPhone: (703) 684-1221

On January 1, 2021, the FBI officially retired the SRS marking a significant transition towards the exclusive use of the National Incident-Based Reporting System for crime data collection and reporting.

NIBRScodes

The National Archive of Criminal Justice data provides well-documented data for NIBRS. The raw NIBRS data are available from the FBI's Crime Data Explorer under Master File Downloads, select NIBRS from the drop down. The raw SRS data are also available from the FBI's Crime Data Explorer under Master File Downloads, select Return A. The SRS data for 2021 and earlier are also available from NACJD.

This product is just one of many self-defense options available to individuals. Other options include pepper spray, tasers, and firearms. Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of which option to use will depend on a variety of factors, including the user's level of training and comfort with the weapon.

One of the main advantages of using it is that it's a non-lethal weapon. It is also generally easy to use and doesn't require much training. They can also be effective in situations where the user is facing multiple attackers.  Additionally, these products are often much less expensive than other tools and can be easily concealed.

NIBRSManual

Self-defense stun guns work by delivering a high-voltage, low-amperage electrical shock to the attacker. The electric zap disrupts the attacker's muscle function, causing them to become temporarily incapacitated. It typically has two metal prongs that deliver the zap when pressed against the attacker's body.  The electric bolt is usually of a high enough voltage to cause pain and discomfort but typically does not cause any lasting damage or injury.

There are different types of this product from which you can choose. The most popular types are the stun baton, shock baton, flashlight stun, rechargeable stun, and many more. Each type has its own unique features and benefits that make them great for personal safety. All products come with a lifetime warranty so you can rest assured that you're protected against any form of physical attack.

Despite its advantages, NIBRS also faces challenges. It has taken many years for law enforcement agencies to transition their systems to ones that could facilitate NIBRS reporting. As of this writing, four of the nation's largest states, California, New York, Pennsylvania, and Florida, essentially do not participate in NIBRS. The largest law enforcement agencies in those states regularly post crime data to their local open data portals, but you will not find those data in NIBRS yet. The transition to NIBRS also makes the study of long-term national crime trends challenging. Any study that spans the SRS to NIBRS transition will have to grapple with inconsistencies and gaps in data as agencies adapt to the new system.

The FBI introduced the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) in the 1980s. NIBRS aimed to address the shortcomings of the SRS by capturing incident-level data and a comprehensive description of what happened in each incident. Unlike the SRS, NIBRS collects data on each individual crime incident, capturing detailed information about the offenses, victims, offenders, and arrestees. NIBRS records data on 52 "Group A" offenses and 10 "Group B" offenses, covering a broader spectrum of criminal activity. It did away with the Hierarchy Rule and collects data on all offenses within a single incident, providing a fuller picture of criminal activity. Because NIBRS is incident-based, researchers have full access to the multivariate relationships between features of crime incidents.

Researchers should also note that the FBI accepts data from law enforcement agencies through March of the following year. That is, the FBI accepted NIBRS data for 2023 through March 2024. Some crimes committed in December 2023, for example, may be solved or result in an arrest in April 2024. Such a case would not get marked as "cleared" in the NIBRS data since the clearance came after the NIBRS 2023 submission end date. Crimes in January 2023 may seem to be solved at a higher rate than crimes in December 2023 because of the March 2024 censoring. This is a feature of the data that simply requires care in the analysis phase.

While the UCR SRS has provided valuable crime data for many years, it has several notable limitations. The UCR SRS focused on a limited number of crimes, potentially overlooking important details and emerging trends. With SRS data researchers cannot separate out trends in shootings, identity theft, and cybercrimes. The SRS also operated under the "Hierarchy Rule," reporting only the most severe offense in a multi-offense incident. Lastly, the SRS only collected aggregate counts, meaning that detailed information about the context of the crimes, such as the characteristics of the victims and offenders, the relationships between them, and the circumstances of the crime, is lost.