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Jurisdictions throughout the nation and around the world are continuing research on current operations, emerging best practices, performance metrics, and business benefit realization.
Many jurisdictions are actively developing or considering legislation that will authorize, limit, and/or restrict the use of ALPR systems and the data they generate. At least 14 states have enacted legislation on the use of ALPRs. More detailed information can be found here.
ALPR systems function to automatically capture an image of the vehicle’s license plate, transform that image into alphanumeric characters using optical character recognition or similar software, compare the plate number acquired to one or more databases of vehicles of interest to law enforcement and other agencies, and to alert the officer when a vehicle of interest has been observed. Learn more about all of the elements of automated license plate recognition, and its use and deployment by law enforcement.
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Availability to ALPR data in most jurisdictions is restricted to law enforcement personnel with a lawful purpose to access the data, as well as a need and right to know the information. Access to ALPR data is typically restricted and strictly audited. There are law enforcement agencies that do allow access to ALPR data for the registered owner of the vehicle on a case-by-case basis. Please contact your city, county, or state law enforcement agency for their specific ALPR policies to determine if you have access to ALPR data related to your registered vehicle(s).
Unlike red-light cameras, ALPR devices do not have illumination to aid in identifying the driver or potential passengers of the vehicle. The purpose of ALPR technology is to identify vehicles, not the occupants. If ambient lighting is sufficient or a subject is outside and near the vehicle at the time an ALPR-equipped vehicle passes, their image may be captured in the contextual photo taken by the ALPR unit of the vehicle. This contextual photo is simply designed to provide context, i.e., to identify the specific vehicle to which the license plate is attached to aid the operator in quickly identifying which of several vehicles in the immediate vicinity is carrying the alerted tag. ALPR systems are not designed to collect images of drivers or vehicle occupants, nor are they integrated with facial recognition solutions or any applications that simultaneously identify the registered owner or passengers.
At the time of this writing there are no federal laws that explicitly govern or limit the use of ALPR technology or taking photographs of things that are plainly visible from public spaces by law enforcement agencies.
Practical Considerations for Using IBCsWhen deciding whether an IBC tote needs a metal cage, several practical considerations come into play:1.Type of Contents:oPotable vs. Non-Potable Water: For potable water storage, a food-grade, caged IBC is advisable to ensure safety and compliance. For non-potable uses, such as irrigation, a non-caged IBC might be sufficient.oChemical Storage: Storing chemicals typically requires a caged IBC to prevent spills and meet safety regulations.2.Environmental Factors:oWeather Exposure: Outdoor storage may necessitate a caged IBC to protect against environmental elements and impacts.oTemperature Extremes: In areas with significant temperature fluctuations, a caged IBC provides additional protection against material fatigue and failure.3.Transport and Handling:oFrequent Movement: If the IBC is frequently moved or transported, the metal cage becomes crucial for protecting the container and ensuring safe handling.oLogistics Efficiency: Caged IBCs streamline logistics operations by enabling safe stacking and secure handling.Conclusion
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Law enforcement use of automated license plate readers is often reported in local, regional, and national media. News stories reviewing the deployment and use of ALPR help document how this technology is implemented, its value for law enforcement and public safety, and emerging trends in policy and operations.
IBCs, particularly the rigid types, are designed to provide a reliable, reusable method of bulk liquid transport and storage. They typically come in two main types:
When a Metal IBC Cage Might Not Be NecessaryWhile the metal cage offers significant benefits, there are scenarios where an IBC might not need it:1.Flexible IBCs:oDry Goods Storage: Flexible IBCs are designed for storing dry goods and powders. These containers do not require a metal cage because their contents do not exert the same outward pressure as liquids.oCost Efficiency: For applications where the structural integrity provided by a cage is unnecessary, opting for a non-caged, flexible IBC can be more cost-effective.2.Controlled Environments:oStationary Use: In environments where IBCs remain stationary and are not subject to frequent handling or transport, the metal cage may not be essential. For example, if an IBC is used solely for water storage in a shaded, protected area, the need for a cage is reduced.oMinimal Risk: In low-risk environments where external impacts are unlikely, an uncaged IBC might suffice. This is particularly true for applications where the container is monitored regularly and kept in a controlled setting.
This webpage was created to share information, resources, and best practices associated with ALPR policy, planning, implementation, management, and performance.
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ALPR technology must be properly deployed and carefully managed to ensure effective operations that recognize and respect the privacy interests and the civil rights and civil liberties of citizens.
Owners of motorized vehicles driven on public thoroughfares are required by law to annually register their vehicles with their state bureau or department of motor vehicles, and to attach license plates that are publicly and legibly displayed. Vehicle license plates generally consist of a series of alpha numeric characters that reference the license plate to the specific vehicle registered (including the make, model, year, and vehicle identification number (VIN)) and the registered owner and/or lien holder of the vehicle.
Only authorized law enforcement personnel who have met the minimum training, certification, and background checks required for access to criminal justice data should have access to the ALPR database. Access to an ALPR database should be restricted to trained and authorized law enforcement users who have a specific and approved authorization to access the database for a lawful purpose that includes both a need to know and a right to know the information. All queries for ALPR data should be subject to auditing and all access should be recorded in audit logs which should be maintained for a suitable period of time consistent with state records archival laws. Audit reports should be structured in a format that is understandable and useful and contain, at a minimum:
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No. ALPR systems do not provide constant surveillance of vehicles. The systems do provide authorized law enforcement personnel with a pointer for one moment in time and the location where a vehicle's license plate passed an ALPR device.
2.Protection:oImpact Resistance: The metal cage acts as a shield against external impacts. This protection is crucial during handling and transport, as it minimizes the risk of punctures or damage to the inner container.oDurability: The cage enhances the overall durability of the IBC, extending its lifespan and making it more cost-effective over time.3.Handling and Storage Efficiency:oStackability: The cage allows IBCs to be safely stacked, optimizing storage space in warehouses and during transport. Stacked IBCs remain stable and secure, thanks to the rigid framework provided by the cage.oEase of Handling: Forklifts and other handling equipment can easily maneuver caged IBCs. The cage provides standard points for lifting and securing the containers, facilitating efficient logistics operations.4.Regulatory Compliance and Safety:oIndustry Standards: Many industries have regulations that mandate the use of caged IBCs to ensure safety and compliance. The cage helps meet these standards by providing a robust and secure containment solution.oSpill Prevention: The added structural integrity and impact resistance of the caged IBC help prevent spills, which is vital for maintaining safety, especially when storing hazardous or sensitive materials.
As ALPR technology is translating optical characters to digital data there is a small error rate in translation of alphanumeric characters that are similar in shape. ALPR operators must recognize that the data collected from the ALPR device, and the content of the referenced "hot lists," consists of data that may or may not be accurate, despite ongoing efforts to maximize the currency and accuracy of such data. To the greatest extent possible, vehicle license plate information must be verified from separate law enforcement information sources to confirm the vehicle's alert status and justification for law enforcement contact. Law enforcement users of ALPR data must, to the fullest extent possible, visually confirm that the plate characters generated by the ALPR readers accurately correspond with the digital image of the license plate in question.
1.Structural Integrity:oSupport: The metal cage provides essential support to the IBC, helping it maintain its shape under the weight of its contents. This is particularly important when the container is filled with heavy liquids or solids.oStability: The cage ensures the IBC remains stable during storage and transportation, reducing the risk of deformation or collapse.
Law enforcement agencies throughout the nation and around the world are increasingly adopting Automated License Plate Recognition (ALPR) systems to enhance their enforcement and investigative capabilities, expand their collection of relevant data, and expedite the tedious and time consuming process of comparing vehicle license plates with lists of stolen, wanted, and other vehicles of interest.
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Agencies vary in their ALPR data retention policies based in part on their strategic and tactical objectives in using the technology, and the specific laws and regulations of their jurisdictions. Research is presently underway to define specific ALPR metrics that will help in establishing an empirical foundation to data retention policies.
ALPR systems typically capture the following information: a contextual photo of the vehicle, an image of the license plate, the geographic coordinates of where the image was captured, and the date and time of the recording. The systems also typically identify the specific camera/unit that captured the image. The ALPR camera does not identify any individual or access their personal information through its analysis of license plate numbers. The data captured by the ALPR unit itself is completely anonymous. There is no personally identifiable information contained in an ALPR record and the operator can only determine the registered owner of a vehicle by querying a separate, secure state government database of vehicle license plate records, which is restricted, controlled, and audited. The Federal Driver’s Privacy Protection Act (DPPA) restricts access and prohibits the release of personal information from State motor vehicle records to ensure the privacy of citizens. 18 USC § 2721-2725.
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No. Images captured by ALPR systems are only reviewed by law enforcement personnel when required for a lawful purpose and all access is strictly monitored and audited.
Law enforcement agencies throughout the nation and around the world are increasingly adopting Automated License Plate Recognition (ALPR) systems to enhance their enforcement and investigative capabilities, expand their collection of relevant data, and expedite the tedious and time consuming process of comparing vehicle license plates with lists of stolen, wanted, and other vehicles of interest.
The decision on whether IBC totes need a metal cage hinges on the specific use case, environmental conditions, and regulatory requirements. While the metal cage offers unparalleled support, protection, and handling efficiency, certain scenarios allow for the use of non-caged IBCs. Ultimately, understanding the benefits and limitations of the metal cage will help users make informed decisions, ensuring safe, efficient, and cost-effective use of IBCs for their storage and transport needs.
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ALPR systems generally consist of a high speed camera with an infrared (“IR”) filter or two cameras—one high resolution digital camera and one IR camera—to capture images of license plates; a processor and application capable of performing sophisticated optical character recognition (OCR) to transform the image of the plate into alphanumeric characters; application software to compare the transformed license plate characters to databases of license plates of interest to law enforcement; and a user interface to display the images captured, the results of the OCR transformation, and an alert capability to notify operators when a plate matching an agency’s “hot list” is observed. The precise configuration of ALPR systems varies depending on the manufacturer of the equipment and the specific operational deployment.
Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) are a staple in many industries for storing and transporting liquids, semi-solids, and solids. One of the distinguishing features of many IBCs is the metal cage that encases them. This article explores whether IBC totes need the metal cage, examining its benefits, use cases, and potential alternatives.
ALPR systems capture a contextual photo of the vehicle, an image of the license plate, the geographic coordinates of where the image was captured, and the date and time of the recording. The ALPR system does not identify any individual or access any person's personal information through its analysis of license plate characters. The data captured by the ALPR unit itself is entirely anonymous. Officers can only identify the registered owner of a vehicle by querying a separate, secure state government database of vehicle license plate records, which is restricted, controlled, and audited. The federal Driver's Privacy Protection Act (DPPA) restricts access and prohibits the release of personal information from state motor vehicle records to ensure the privacy of citizens. 18 USC § 2721-2725.