Although the SIU has indicated that the man in Chelmsford on Jan. 2 suffered cardiac arrest after police used a conducted energy weapon on him, his exact cause of death has not yet been determined. The SIU investigation is ongoing.

Sudbury.com reached out to the Office of the Independent Police Review Director for the latest statistics regarding deaths related to conducted energy weapons, but they said they do not collect this data.

Upon pressing the fire extinguisher trigger potassium is expelled as a fine mist, this creates a layer of soapy foam on the surface of the burning oil or fat that starves the fire of the oxygen.

“To date at least 33 deaths have been proximal to CEW use in Canada, but were not necessarily results of CEW deployment,” a 2013 report by the Council of Canadian Academies & the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences reads.

Dry Powder fire extinguishers work by removing the heating element of the fire triangle, without this the fire will extinguish. They also separate the fuel of the fire from the oxygen element.

Like the water fire extinguisher type, foam fire extinguishers can be used for fires involving flammable solids such as wood, paper, and textiles. In addition to flammable solids, foam fire extinguishers can also be used on flammable liquids including petrol or paint.

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“We are required by legislation to publicly provide an annual use of force report through our Police Services Board,” she wrote.

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Wet Chemical fire extinguishers should be stored next to the source of a fire risk after a fire assessment has taken place.

Electrical fires – fires involving electrical equipment such as laptops and photocopiers. The fire changes class once the electrical item is removed.

These weapons are the same as the one used by police in Chelmsford on Tuesday before a 46-year-old man died in police custody.

As dry powder fire extinguishers are advised not to be used in enclosed spaces, the below is a common list of businesses that would use a dry powder fire extinguisher:

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“The report compiled by our Training Section provides a thorough and in-depth analysis of the information. This occurs in February or March of each year and will once again be provided at that time.”

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For your premises to meet current fire safety regulations you need to have the right types of fire extinguishers, this will also ensure that your premises are protected in the event of a fire occurring.

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She also declined to share whether the patrol officer who used the conducted energy weapon on the 46-year-old man on Tuesday is still on active duty, as Greater Sudbury Police “are prohibited from providing further information related to the incident as it is under investigation by the SIU (Special Investigations Unit).”

Perhaps best known by the brand name Taser, or its “stun gun” nickname, conducted energy weapons (CEW) are either fired (a pair of metal darts are shot into the person) or used in a drive stun (the device is pressed directly on a person).

When it comes to conducted energy weapons, Dunn said Greater Sudbury Police follow Ontario Use of Force Standards, which intends for them to be used when:

CO2 fire extinguishers should be stored next to the nearest fire exits and/or by the source of a fire risk, which should be identified by a fire risk assessment.

Fire extinguishers are not compliant with UK fire extinguisher legislation until they have been commissioned. Even if you have the correct fire extinguisher type and sizes they are not compliant until you have them checked and approved as safe to use.

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Specialist dry powder extinguishers exist that can be used on fires caused by flammable liquids. Standard dry powder fire extinguishers can be used on fires involving electronic equipment up to 1000v.

Dry Powder fire extinguishers should be stored directly next to the source of the fire risk to enable quick access if required.

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The weapon was deployed for 11 seconds, but reportedly did not successfully attach to Couvrette’s body to complete the electrical circuit.

A water fire extinguisher works by having a cooling effect on the fire’s fuel and taking away the heating element that the fire needs to keep burning. This will result in the fire burning more slowly and results in the flames being put out and the fire will be extinguished.

They can also be used on flammable gases such as liquid petroleum, flammable liquid such as petrol and electrical equipment.

Water fire extinguishers are suited to class A fire risks and are the most popular fire extinguisher type. They distribute water at high pressure to extinguish flames.

For class B fires a Foam fire extinguisher is the most common type of extinguisher used. As these fire extinguishers are water-based, they can also be used on Class A fires.

The Council of Canadian Academies & the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences’ 2013 report notes that conducted energy weapons deliver short-duration electrical discharges, which are highly effective in stimulating nerves, causing incapacitation and pain, but are much less effective in stimulating the heart muscle, which means they’re less likely to cause fatal disruptions to the heart’s rhythm and pumping ability.

Foam fire extinguishers should be used in buildings where flammable liquids are stored, and within buildings where organic materials are found.  A list of the most common is below:

A conducted energy weapon was used by police, after which an ambulance was called when the man appeared in medical distress.

During your fire risk assessment locations will be identified as class A fire risks, and this is where the Water fire extinguishers will be placed. This should be next to the exits on floors.

As well as the correct type of fire extinguisher, you will also need the right size and weight for each fire extinguisher.

There are several classes of fire and each fire extinguisher type is designed to tackle them. They are based on which fuels a fire, to begin with. It is the presence of the fuel within your premises that will help determine which fire extinguishers types you need and the location of them.

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A Jan. 23, 2021, incident in Sault Ste. Marie was also included in the trackinginjustica.ca list. In this case, police used a conducted energy weapon on a 30-year-old man, who proceeded to pull a knife out of his pocket and slit his own throat, according to the SIU investigation’s findings. The pathologist at autopsy concluded his cause of death was the stab wound to his neck.

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers will often be found in server rooms or in a space where a large number of electrical devices are based. They are used in extinguishing electrical fires.

A CO2 fire extinguisher works by suffocating a fire with CO2 which causes the oxygen to be displaced and the fire to burn out.

A Special Investigations Unit spokesperson told Sudbury.com they didn’t have this data, either, deferring to the Office of the Chief Coroner, who deferred back around to the Special Investigations Unit, but pledged to keep looking into it. Sudbury.com will update this story in the event the Office of the Chief Coroner sends additional context.

In 2022, conducted energy weapons were taken out but not used 62 times, and they were taken out and not used 50 times in 2021.

As this is the most common fire extinguisher a water fire extinguisher is used throughout most buildings in the UK. A list of the most common is below:

“This makes it difficult to isolate the contribution of any single factor. Although the electrical characteristics of CEWs can potentially contribute to sudden in-custody death, given the limited evidence, CEW exposure cannot be confirmed or excluded as the primary cause of a fatality in most real-world settings.”

An inquest jury later ruled Couvrette’s death was an accident. During the inquest, the conducted energy weapon was ruled out as a contributing factor in his death.

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Foam fire extinguishers work by creating a cooling effect on the fuel which is feeding the fire, and the foaming agent inside the extinguisher (Aqueous Film Forming Foam) helps by creating a barrier between the flames of the fire and the fuel. This will then result in the fire being extinguished.

“Sudden in-custody death resulting from a use-of-force event typically involves a complicated scenario that includes multiple factors, all of which can potentially contribute to a sudden unexpected death,” according to the report.

Dry powder fire extinguishers can be used in a wide range of scenarios involving organic materials such as cardboard, paper, fabrics, wood and coal.

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Once a class A or class B fire risk has been identified then Foam fire extinguishers should be stored at exit points at these locations.

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Dry powder extinguishers can be used in the event of class A, B or C fires and are commonly known as ABC extinguishers because of this. This type of extinguisher should not be used in an enclosed space as the powder could be easily inhaled and is also incredibly difficult to clean up once the fire has been extinguished.

After these checks have taken place by your selected fire extinguisher engineering company, you will receive a certificate verifying that your fire extinguishers have been commissioned in line with UK fire regulations, and are therefore safe to use.

The crowd-sourced website, trackinginjustice.ca, keeps track of police-involved deaths and deaths in custody across Canada, noting, “there is no publicly available, verified, sustained, and comprehensive source for this information.”

They record 758 instances in Canada of police-involved deaths wherein force was used since 2000, of which 40 involved a conducted energy weapon as the highest level of force. Ontario led the pack among Canadian provinces and territories at 14 deaths, not including Tuesday’s incident in Chelmsford.

The 29-use count in 2022 is a jump from the previous year, when Greater Sudbury police used conducted energy weapons 17 times.

Wet chemical fire extinguishers are used in class F fires that involve cooking oils and fats. Although his type of fire extinguisher could be used in Class A fires, a foam or water fire extinguisher would be better suited to this class of fire.