Corrosive substances are a constant companion in everyday life. They are found, for example, in cleaning products(such as lime removers, floor and oven cleaners) and in skin care products, as well as in beverages and pools.

In addition, there is a pictogram for corrosive substances that cause irreversible eye damage or severe irritation. This is given the category designation “Category 1:irreversible damage to the eye”.

When selecting suitable protective measures, the prevention of hazards is the top priority. This is ranked "STOP" in the hazard assessment and must be adhered to:

Everyone has probably come into contact with the term “corrosive substances”, as this is a group of substances that can be found in every household. Corrosive substances are grouped in dangerous goods class 8 and classified according to their properties. How they are classified, what health hazards they pose and what there is to know about storage and handling have been summarized compactly in this blog post.

When storing corrosive substances, it is important to ensure not only that the storage containers are suitable, but also that they are properly labeled. There are also factors such as suitable storage space and any storage bans that need to be taken into account.

Class3dangerous goods

Incidentally, acids and alkalis may only be stored in a room if it is equipped with separate collection trays. To avoid the accumulation of vapors that are hazardous to health, each room must also have natural ventilation. In the case of outdoor storage, protection from the weather and a drip pan are mandatory.

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Common points of contact with corrosive acids and alkalis are, for example, cleaning agents - where in many cases they are solid components. This also applies to the removal of greasy residues, for which caustic soda is usually used. Deposits, on the other hand, can be removed with acids (such as citric acid or acetic acid).

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Although it is not uncommon for hydrochloric acid to be referred to as "the strongest acid," hexafluoroantimonic acid actually tops the list. It is formed by the reaction of hydrogen fluoride and antimine(V) fluoride.

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Class 8corrosive examples

In addition to the pictogram for dangerous goods class 8, the danger labels also contain inscriptions in numbers and letters that provide information on other hazardous properties. This becomes important in the event of an accident - it is the only way for the emergency services to know what hazards to expect. In addition, tightly sealed and shatterproof vessels are required. These must also bear the name of the substance, the corresponding pictogram and any other brief information.

The substance groups C1 to C4 contain substances with an acidic character, so that the pH value is below 7 in each case:

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Class 8Corrosive UN Number

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Traditionally, all acids whose salts occur in minerals are called mineral acids. In the meantime, however, it has become common practice that only three representatives (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid) are mentioned under this term. For common mineral acids, the colloquial names look like this:

Corrosive substances can exist in all three of the usual aggregate states, so that they are either solid, liquid or gaseous. Liquids are usually most dangerous when they wet the skin: There they act immediately and can cause great damage. Gases, on the other hand, must first be distributed on the tissue.

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Is bleach aClass 8corrosive

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When we talk about corrosive substances, we are talking about substances with a corrosive effect. This means that they can attack surfaces and destroy living tissue, so caution is advised when handling them. The nature of the substances can differ: Both corrosive acids and alkalis can be assigned to this group. These are either organic or inorganic in nature.

Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, also known as the CLP Regulation, is one of the EU chemical regulationsand, together with the GHS labeling (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals), forms the most important basis for labeling and handling corrosive substances. It came into force in 2019. According to this specification, the following distinctions are made:

In addition, there are a number of other corrosive substances that go by different names. For example, hydrogen peroxide is referred to as "active oxygen" when used in certain products. This also applies to active chlorine, which is usually sodium hypochlorite or chlorine bleach.

HAZMATClass 8shipping requirements

Corrosive" refers to substancesthat can degrade surfaces and/or destroy living tissue. This means that they have a harmful effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Not every corrosive substance is either an acid or an alkali. If the substances do not fit into any of the preceding categories, they are placed in groups C9 to C11:

In order to classify corrosive substances of dangerous goods class 8, different classifications are used. Whereas in the past the classification according to the substance directive was decisive, today the GHS/CLP and the dangerous goods directives in particular are elementary.

Although we encounter corrosive acids and alkalis every day, they are not always recognized directly. This is often because many of these substances are known by trade names, so the actual name fades into the background. In addition to acids and alkalis, other corrosive substances are also affected.

Class 8 dangerous goodstransportation

On the other hand, there are substances of the groups C5 to C8, which in turn have a basic character. The pH value is consequently above 7:

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Although corrosivity to surfaces and living tissue is the core property of corrosives, they can have other characteristics. Therefore, representatives of this group of substances can be divided into further subgroups:

Only those areas that are above ground level can be considered for storage. Otherwise, there is a risk that heavy acid vapors can escape without volatilizing. Fire hazardous materials require fire retardant design of walls, floors, ceilings, windows and doors. In order to exclude groundwater hazards, liquid-tight catch basins must also be provided.

In addition, both the workplace and the work equipment must be kept clean. This hygieneprevents contamination from occurring. Also, food, beverages and medications must be kept separate from the work area at all times to prevent them from coming into contact with the corrosive substances.

The GHS symbol for “skin corrosive” is divided into three categories. These include “Skin Corrosive 1A” (skin corrosivity within 3 minutes), “Skin Corrosive 1B” (skin corrosivity after 3 minutes to 1 hour), and “Skin Corrosive 1C” (skin corrosivity after 1 to 4 hours).

In addition, there is a classification according to the applicable dangerous goods regulation, which is based on the dangerous goods guidelines. This defines various packaging groups for corrosive substances of dangerous goods class 8, which are particularly important for storage and transport. The classification is as follows:

Incidentally, until 2015, Directive 67/548/EEC applied, which also classified corrosive substances according to specified criteria. Metal-corrosive substances were not taken into account. Goods with irreversible effects on the eyes were also not included. Under the name “Substance Directive”, the following categories applied at that time:

There are also some substancesthat are not even approved for carriage. These include, for example, mixtures of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid (UN number 1978) and chemically unstable mixtures of waste sulfuric acid or nitrating acid. The same applies to perchloric acid and its mixtures.

To protect yourself and others, special precautions apply when handling these substances. This includes ensuring that there is no skin, eye or lung contact, which is why suitable protective clothing is mandatory. In addition, there are important principles of prevention, so that accidents can also be prevented in the best possible way. These maxims are enshrined in law in the Hazardous Substances Ordinance.

When labeling, care must be taken to ensure unambiguousness and an appropriate hazard classification so that it can be recognized at first glance that the contents pose a hazard. To be able to ensure safe storage, this information should be noted on the containers:

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Class9dangerous goods

Substances and mixtures that have a harmful effect on humans or the environment are referred to as hazardous substances. They are subject to many laws and regulations on labeling, classification and handling. Especially in the workplace, knowledge of these regulations is elementary. Read this blog post to learn what hazardous materials are, what proper hazardous material labeling looks like, and why it's so important.

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Substances, articles and mixtures with potentially hazardous properties must be labeled accordingly according to current legislation. This is the responsibility of the GHS, which provides the classification and labeling obligation with hazard symbols. We have summarized the meaning of the hazard symbols and hazard pictograms, the criteria used to distinguish between them, and the status of supplementary signal words, H and P phrases.

In order to be able to guarantee a high safety standard, there areprohibitions for certain storage facilities. For example, it is not permitted to store corrosive substances of dangerous goods class 8 in traffic routes, workplaces, exits, passages, stairs, locks and ramps of any kind. Short-term parking on stairs or corridors is also strictly prohibited.

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Personal protective clothing (PPE) is one of the elementary components when dealing with hazardous substances and, of course, must not be missing when dealing with corrosive acids and alkalis. This applies both to direct contact and when staying in the hazardous area. The PSA includes these elements:

In order to avoid hazards, the correct handling of corrosive substances is essential - this begins with the recognition of the substance and extends from classification to storage, handling and transport. At the top of the list is self-protection, so being thoroughly informed before coming into contact with Hazardous Materials Class 8 substances is of utmost relevance.

To ensure that the risk of corrosive substances can be minimized as best as possible,strict specifications also apply to storage. These affect both the storage tanks and the surrounding area. Thus, the stationary containers must have a suitable marking and must not be filled above the maximum permissible filling height.

In addition, there are other classifications that relate, for example, to the flammable and self-heating properties of some substances. These look as follows for corrosive substances:

Finally, the third group according to GHS/CLP are corrosive substances, which have metal corrosive effects and therefore do not represent a toxic hazard, but a physical or chemical hazard. They bear the note “Category 1: Corrosive to metals“.

Class 8 dangerous goodsexamples

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Special precautions should be taken when handling corrosive substances, not least because of their sometimes highly hazardous properties. Otherwise, these can lead to pronounced tissue destruction and permanent damage to health. If you compare corrosive acids with alkalis, representatives of the second category are usually the worse culprit. Health hazards can be divided into the following areas:

Known examples of corrosive substances include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, soap lye and sodium hydroxide solution. Many representatives are constantly encountered in everyday life – for example, drain cleaners, acetic acid, ammonia or chlorine for water treatment are among them.

Since corrosive substances are dangerous goods, their transportation is also subject to some rules and legal regulations. These include, above all, the Dangerous Goods Ordinance for Road, Rail and Inland Navigation (GGVSEB), including ADR, RID and ADN, as well as the Dangerous Goods Control Ordinance (GGKontrollV) and many others. In order to be allowed to transport a dangerous good, it must be marked with a danger label and a UC number.

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In addition, the containers must not be placed on top of each other in any case to avoid accidents. Storage regulations also state that corrosive substances may not be stored with any other substances - although some MSDSs allow exceptions. Eye showers or eye wash bottles as well as a washing facility must be available if transfer and filling work is carried out in the warehouse.