Not only in everyday industrial life, but also at home, we encounter hazard labels every day–think, for example, of cleaning agents and utensils such as insect spray or wood polish. In particular, older and longer-lasting products that have been in the household for several years may have the outdated GHS hazard symbols from before 2015.

In addition, there are three GHS symbols with meaning for physical and chemical hazards and for the environment. These hazardous substance symbols look like this:

This serves the purpose of making the hazardous substance symbol meaning quicker and easier to see. At the same time, the classification aligns the hazard symbols and their meaning more closely with target groups (think consumers, first responders, or transportation personnel).

Symbol meaning

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Substances, articles and mixtures with potentially hazardous properties must be labeled accordingly according to current legislation. This is the responsibility of the GHS, which provides the classification and labeling obligation with hazard symbols. We have summarized the meaning of the hazard symbols and hazard pictograms, the criteria used to distinguish between them, and the status of supplementary signal words, H and P phrases.

The REACH regulation defines nine hazard symbols according to the GHS system. These are white boxes with a red border, in which a suitable symbol for the type of hazard is shown. In the past, the hazard symbols were shown in orange fields, which can sometimes still be seen on old packaging.

Hazard symbols are ubiquitous in everyday life and can be found on various packaging of substances. These include, for example, cleaning agents, nail polish remover, spray cans or gas bottles. In addition, there are common representatives such as fuels, coatings and paints, and essential oils.

If “Caution” is added to the pictogram, the hazard symbol meaning of the GHS is extended by an indication of a medium hazard level. Such attention hazardous substances can be assigned to the following hazard classes and categories:

Hazard symbols and meanings

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Since June 01, 2015, the nine GHS hazard symbols have described the hazards “explosive”, “flammable”, “oxidizing”, “corrosive”, “toxic”, “harmful and irritant”, “hazardous to health”, “hazardous to the environment” and “gases under pressure”.

Corrosivesymbol

Hazard signs can be differentiated into several symbols and icons that together provide a comprehensive hazard assessmentfor a substance. These include GHS pictograms, signal words, identification letters, H-phrases and P-phrases, as well as hazard classes and hazard categories.

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Among the best known GHS symbols is probably the pictogram “flame”, but it is not the only representative in this category. Other hazard symbols are added:

Four GHS pictograms fall into the category of hazard symbols for health hazards. These GHS health hazard symbols include, for example, the hazardous materials pictogram “toxic” because there is an effect on the human organism. The corresponding hazardous substance labels are noted in the following table:

Flammablesymbol

Unlike dangerous goods, hazardous materials are not in transit. Therefore, every hazardous material is a hazardous substance, but not every hazardous substance is a dangerous good. This makes further labeling necessary that goes beyond the pictograms according to GHS and expands the meaning of the dangerous goods symbols to include instructions for action in traffic.

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Substances, articles and mixtures with potentially hazardous properties must be labeled accordingly according to current legislation. This is the responsibility of the GHS, which provides the classification and labeling obligation with hazard symbols. We have summarized the meaning of the hazard symbols and hazard pictograms, the criteria used to distinguish between them, and the status of supplementary signal words, H and P phrases.

Irritantsymbol

The GHS pictogram with a black exclamation mark indicates the signal word “Caution” and warns against harmful and irritating substances. These can, for example, causerespiratory and skin irritation or have acute toxicity. Narcotic effects are also possible.

The modular system consists of a hazard warning and three numbers. The first number indicates a grouping (physical hazard, health hazard or environmental hazard) and is followed by two consecutive numbers. Each H-phrase can be assigned to a specific hazard, which are provided with special safety instructions.

The hazard pictograms, R-phrases and H-phrases contained therein are authoritative for the labeling of hazardous substances in Germany and the European Union. They serve the purpose of standardization, so that the meaning of the hazard symbol is recognized at first glance. Different categories are prescribed for different hazards. Since 01 June 2015, these are white fields with a red border; previously, orange fields were common. The transition period ended on 01 June 2017.

In addition to the signal word for the “Caution” pictogram, there is also the signal word “Dangerous”. It adds the meaning of a serious hazard category to the GHS label. This high hazard level may relate to the following hazard classes and categories:

The symbols for hazardous substances are given as so-called “GHS pictograms”, i.e. as small pictures without text. According to GHS, a total of nine hazardous substance symbols can be distinguished, which in turn are differentiated into three categories:

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New are the pictograms “Health hazard” and “Exclamation mark”, which not only look different, but also carry additional hazard warnings. In the following hazardous substance labeling table you will find the comparison of the old and new symbols:

Health hazardsymbol

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Substances and mixtures that have a harmful effect on humans or the environment are referred to as hazardous substances. They are subject to many laws and regulations on labeling, classification and handling. Especially in the workplace, knowledge of these regulations is elementary. Read this blog post to learn what hazardous materials are, what proper hazardous material labeling looks like, and why it's so important.

When transporting hazardous goods, other information in addition to the GHS symbols must be noted on the packaging and on the transport vehicle. This helps to be able to take the right measures in the event of damage and to enable conclusions to be drawn about the hazard category. A distinction is made between the signal words “Caution” and “Danger”:

Toxic symbol

The P-phrases work according to the same principle, where “P” stands for “Precautionary Statemens” and refers to safety instructions when handling the respective hazardous substances:

hazard symbols意思

H-phrases and P-phrases can also be assigned to the individual GHS symbols. In the EU, EUH phrases are also used. They give concise safety instructions for hazardous substances and have an analogous use as, for example, the R- and S-phrases; which can be found in the EU labeling. The “H” in H-phrases stands for “Hazard Statements” and is used for hazards arising from chemical substances and their manufacture:

The latter forms the basis for the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS), which includes the so-called GHS symbols.

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When hazardous substances are mentioned, they are substances and mixtures with a harmful effect on humans and/or the environment. They are subject to several laws and regulations, the most important of which are the

Not only in the operational environment, but also in everyday life, we constantly encounter hazardous substances with corresponding symbols on the packaging. In order to protect yourself from the harmful effects of hazardous substances, you should be familiar with the applicable hazard symbols and their meaning – this will help you to take appropriate precautions when handling the substances.