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A corresponding circuit design for measuring the light intensity over the visible spectrum, in which plants are photosynthetically active, is shown in Figure 1. Here, three differently colored photodiodes (green, red, and blue) are used, which respond to different wavelengths. The light intensity measured via the photodiodes can now be used to control the light source according to the requirements of the respective plants.

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In its most basic sense, the MTF is a way to describe the contrast sensitivity of a lens system. For the human eye, this could be though of as its visual ...

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VFS,P-P represents the desired full output voltage range (full-scale, peak-to-peak) and INTMAX the maximum light intensity, which is 120,000 lux for direct sunlight.

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For a high quality current-to-voltage conversion, the minimal bias current of the operational amplifier is desirable because the output current of the photodiode is in the picoampere range and thus can cause considerable errors. A low offset voltage should also be present. With a bias current of typically 1 pA and a maximum offset voltage of 1 mV, the AD8500 from Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI) is a good choice for these applications.

All of the depicted components are extremely power-saving, making the circuit ideal for battery-operated portable field applications.

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Unlimited possibilities also apply to the technical lighting features: light colors, color rendering, opal diffusers and microprismatic optics for glare-free use in offices can be freely configured. Direct and indirect radiation can be switched separately, and a wide variety of colors and surfaces promote perfect architectural adaptation.

Where u is the object distance from the lens, v is the image distance from the lens and. f is the focal length of the lens. EXERCISE. Derive the lens ...

For further noise reduction, a common-mode and a differential filter are used on each of the differential inputs of the ADC.

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The circuit shown here is made up of three precise current-to-voltage converter stages (transimpedance amplifiers), one for each of the colors green, red, and blue. They are connected to the differential inputs of a Σ-Δ analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which, for example, provides the measured values as digital data to a microcontroller for further processing.

Error sources such as bias currents and offset voltages of the components must be considered. Also, unfavorable converter stage amplification factors can impact the quality and thus the result of the circuit. With the circuit shown in Figure 1, light intensity can be converted into an electrical value for further data processing in a relatively simple way.

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The diversity of the Liquid Line is also reflected in the areas of application: from offices to stores, shopping centers, hotels, public buildings, lobbies and churches to clinics and educational institutions, there are no limits.

Thomas Brand began his career at Analog Devices in Munich in October 2015 as part of his master’s thesis. From May 2016 to January 2017, he was part of a trainee program for field application engineers at Analog Devices. Afterward, in February 2017, he moved into the role as field applications engineer. Within this role, he is mainly responsible for large industrial customers. Furthermore, he specializes in the subject area of industrial Ethernet and supports related matters in Central Europe. He studied electrical engineering at the University of Cooperative Education in Mosbach before completing his postgraduate studies in international sales with a master’s degree at the University of Applied Sciences in Constance.

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For years, architecture was characterised by cubism - functionalism and clear lines were in the foreground. Through new building technologies, the forms of architecture became increasingly organic and expressive, characterised by flowing lines and new combinations. This architectural development in combination with LED technology, which makes almost any form technically feasible, enabled us to think much more freely in terms of design and forms. This was the birth of the Liquid Line. Lightnet was the first manufacturer on the market with a flexible light line for flowing shapes and to this day we are the only supplier who can implement all radii horizontally and vertically.

Determination of the light intensity can be crucial, for example, if you want to design the lighting of a room, or in preparing for a photo shoot. In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), however, light intensity also plays an important role in so-called smart agriculture. Here, one key task is to monitor and control important plant parameters that contribute to maximizing plant growth and accelerating photosynthesis. Light is thereby one of the most important factors in smart agriculture. Most plants usually absorb light in the wavelengths of the red, orange, blue, and violet regions of the visible spectrum. As a rule, light in the wavelengths of the green and yellow regions of the spectrum is reflected and contributes only slightly to growth. By controlling parts of the spectrum and the intensity of light exposure throughout various life stages, growth can be maximized, and the yield ultimately increased.

The Liquid Line's recipe for success: it offers a broad portfolio of standard modules and can be produced in any conceivable shape at the same time - for perfect customization. Thus, the Liquid Line is not only flexible on the horizontal plane, modules with a vertical bend to measure are also possible.

Depending on the light intensity, more or less current flows through the photodiodes. The relationship between current and light intensity is approximately linear, which is illustrated in Figure 2. It shows the characteristic curves of the output current as a function of light intensity for a red (CLS15-22C/L213R/TR8), a green (CLS15-22C/L213G/TR8), and a blue photodiode (CLS15-22C/L213B/TR8).

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For further processing of the measured values, the photodiode current that was first converted into a voltage has to be provided to the microcontroller as a digital value. For this purpose, ADCs with multiple differential inputs can be used, such as the 16-bit ADC AD7798. Thus, the output code for the measured voltage is as follows:

The Liquid Line product family adapts perfectly to the shapes of the architecture and forms a form-fitting unit with the building. In-house production makes their flexibility unique on the market, enabling smooth transitions and merging with the premises - for a unique architectural experience.

However, the relative sensitivities of the red, green, and blue diodes are different, so the gain of each stage must be determined separately through the feedback resistance RFB. For this, the short-circuit current (ISC) of each diode has to be taken from the data sheet and subsequently the sensitivity, S (pA/lux), at the operating points determined from it. RFB is then calculated as follows:

Thomas Brand began his career at Analog Devices in Munich in October 2015 as part of his master’s thesis. From May 2016 to January 2017, he was part of a trainee program for field application engineers at Analog Devices. Afterward, in February 2017, he moved into the role as field applications engineer. Within this role, he is mainly responsible for large industrial customers. Furthermore, he specializes in the subject area of industrial Ethernet and supports related matters in Central Europe.

He studied electrical engineering at the University of Cooperative Education in Mosbach before completing his postgraduate studies in international sales with a master’s degree at the University of Applied Sciences in Constance.

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